定语从句专题讲解与训练(基础版).doc

定语从句专题讲解与训练(基础版) （一）定义 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。引导定语从句的有关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which 等及关系副词when, where, why等，关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中充当成分。 （二）定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 1）限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不可用逗分开。 1. She has found the necklace (that) she lost two weeks ago. 2. How do you apologize to your friend whose bike you lost? 3. The accident happened on the day when I lost my job. 2）非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不是十分密切，只是对先行词作一些附加的补充说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然很清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号割开，一般不能用that 引导。 1. Helen, who was sitting on my left, said that this meal was the best she had ever had. 2. Li Jiang, where I was born, is very beautiful. 3. John, who speaks Spanish, works there. 4. Yesterday I met Lily, who looks very tired. 5. Dinner starts with a small dish, which is called a starter. 6. I spent a whole afternoon with John, who was very friendly and helpful. （三）关系词的选择问题： 1) 在限制性定语从句中作主语的关系代词的选择，按照一般的规则是：who/that 指人；用which/that 指物。但是大多情况下用who 指人，较少用that；大多数用that指物，较少用which；尤其在口语中是如此。 1. He is the man who lives next door to us. 2. He drives a car that can travel 150 miles an hour. 2 )在限制性定语从句中,关系代词作宾语，正式语体分别用whom指人，用which指物，而且通常省略。 1. Where is the man (whom) I saw this morning? 2. Where is the book (which) I bought this morning? 3)关系代词作介词宾语，在正式语体中介词通常前置，这时不管在限制性定语从句或非限制性定语从句中都用whom指人，which指物。 1. James is a man for whom I have the greatest respect. 2. The pen with which she wrote that book can now be seen in the museum （四）关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词的用法： 关系代词从句中可作主语，宾语或定语，具体用法如下： 指代 主语 宾语 定语 人: who/that, who/whom/that, whose 物: that/which, whose 1）关系代词的省略情况： 关系代词在从句中作主语时不可省略；但当关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时，其一般可以省略。 1. The girl who /that is in the middle is my sister. 2. Are you the one (whom) I met at the party? 2) 只能用which 引导定语从句的情况： 定语从句中的关系代词作介词的宾语时，且介词前置时，即“介词 关系代词”形式，定语从句只能用which 来引导。 注：介词+whom（指人）；介词+which（指物）； 介词的选用用 “介词 关系代词”中的介词主要有以下三种确定方法 1. 根据定语从句中的谓语动词与介词的习惯搭配,eg: hear of/about, live in, believe in, talk to, speak to This is the ho