非谓语动词作状语和定语讲义.doc

非谓语动词作定语 【知识点拨】 1．不定式作定语 　不定式的一般式通常表示一个将来或经常性的动作，完成式则表示该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。 　例如：She is always the first (one) to come and the last to leave. 　 如果作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词有动宾关系,在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词. 　例如：Lets first find a room to live in / to put the things in. 　　　We have nothing to worry about.(=There is nothing for us to worry about.) 2．-ing分词作定语 　-ing分词作定语一般要求其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或是在说话时该动作正在进行，否则，要用从句作定语。 　例如：Do you know the boy talking ( = who is talking ) to the teacher? 　　　　Did you notice the boy sitting ( = who was sitting ) at this desk yesterday? 　　　The man shaking ( = who is now shaking ) hands with Mr. Li visited our class yesterday. 　比较：误：He is the man visiting our class yesterday. 　　　　正：He is the man who visited our class yesterday. 　单个的-ing分词作定语一般前置,说明名词的性质、特征或用途等,-ing短语作定语一般后置；强调动作的单个-ing分词也常后置。 　例如：a sleeping car ( = a car for sleeping ) 　　　　a sleeping child ( = a child who is sleeping ) 　　　　the boy standing there ( = the boy who is standing there ) 　　　　The girl singing is my classmate. 3．-ed分词作定语 -ed分词作定语一般表示一个被动或已完成动作,-ing分词表示一个主动或正在进行的动作, -ing分词的被动式则表示一个正在被进行的动作。 　例如：a developed/developing country 　　　He is a student loved by all the teachers. 　　　The building being built will be the third Teaching Building of our school. 4．像定语从句一样，分词作定语也有非限制性的，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。 　例如：The students, wearing their school uniforms, marched into the playground. 　　　The substance, discovered almost by accident,has greatly changed the world. 【典型例题】 　　1．(北京2000, 单项填空)The picture _______ on the wall is painted by my nephew. 　　　A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung 　　正确答案：B 根据题干判断，句中需要一个既作定语又表状态的非谓语动词，所以选B。 　　2．（NMET97，单项填空）The Olympic Games,______in 776 B.C., did not include women 　　　　players until 1912. 　　　A. first playing B. to be first played 　　　C. first played D. to be first playing 　　正确答案：C 此题考查分词作非限制性定语的用法，有被动意义，动作已完成，所以选C。 　　3．（NMET94，单项填空）The first text books _______ for teaching English as a 　　　　foreign language came out in the 16th century.