中考总复习8 阅读理解应试指导.doc

　中考总复习8 阅读理解应试指导一、中考要求：二、知识要点A. 阅读理解的题型：　　考查学生对于文章的中心思想或全文梗概的领会、理解和概括能力。我们可以通过“略读－skimming”来获取文章或者段落的主题和主旨大意。在略读时要注意寻找主题句（topic sentence）以帮助理解文章的主题和了解文章的大意。有一些同学可能认为没有仔细阅读文章的细节而感觉不太放心，其实没有必要担心，因为我们了解的文章的大意以后，然后对文章做仔细阅读，比较难的短文理解起来就容易多了。　　略读时应该注意：主题句一般是短文第一个句子或者最后一个句子，偶尔位于段落的中间；每一段的主题句一般也是在每段的第一、二个句子或者最后一个句子。其次作者提供其写作意图，如：提供信息、描述人物、事物或者事件、讨论问题、说服某人、提出建议或者对两种观点或者事件进行比较。而其他的句子是对主题句的进一步发展及说明性的例子，有时是为主题句提供时间、地点或者原因等背景。　　主旨大意题常见的设问方式　　1) What’s the main idea of this passage?　　2) What does the passage mainly tell us?　　3) The writer means to tell us that ______.　　4) The main idea / point of the passage is that ______.　　5) The passage is mainly about ______.　　6) From the passage, we can learn/ conclude ______.　　7) What can we know from the whole passage?　　8) The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with ______.　　9) What’s the best title for the passage?　　10) The best title for this story can be _______.　　实例说明：　　October 16 is World Food Day. This day is also the anniversary (纪念日) of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) (联合国粮农组织). More than 100 countries are holding special events. All of these aims to celebrate the establishment of the FAO in 1945. The theme chosen for this year’s World Food Day is “Water: Source(资源) of Food Security”.　　A UN report says that over 6 million people have died from hunger and related diseases so far this year alone. More than 850 million people, or about one in seven, around the world do not get enough food, and the need for food will increase as the world’s population grows. The UN also reports that by year 2030, the world may need 60% more food. Most of that increase will have to come from agriculture supported by water irrigation (灌溉). However, fresh water is already in short supply in many countries. 　　Jacques Diouf, the director of the FAO, says that there are 20 countries that do not have enough water to produce enough food for their populations. Ten nations use more than 40% of their total fresh water f