大型接地网接地电阻的测量和误差分析.doc

摘 要 伴随着接地技术在各个领域得到更为广泛的应用，愈来愈显示出接地技术的重要性。但是如何简便、准确地测量大型接地网的真实接地电阻是长期困扰电力工作者的一大难题。 本文利用接地电阻测量方法的基本原理，分析测量地网接地电阻干扰的主要来源，并对仪表法、异频法、瓦特表法、三极法，四极法等的原理、特点进行了比较分析。同时将各种测量方法按测试电流、消除干扰能力和测试结果进行了归纳总结。 论文着重就短距测量接地电阻的可能性及相关测量理论和地网测量点的选择等问题进行分析，为解决长期困扰我国电力系统的由于接地电阻测量引线过长而带来的一系列难题做一些具有实际意义的探讨。还对三层土壤结构中接地电阻测量的误差和解决办法以及季节因素对接地电阻、接触电位差和跨步电位差的影响进行了介绍。 关键词：地网；接地电阻；测量；短距测量。 Abstract With the wide application of grounding technique, its importance is gradually showed up. But how to measure grounding resistance of large grounding grid simply and exactly is a difficult problem to electricity power staff all the time. This paper used the basic method of measuring the grounding resistance, analysis the major interference, and principles and characteristics of the instrument method, different frequency method, watt meter method, three-pole, four pole principle of law. At the same time varied the measuring method as the test current, the ability of eliminating interference, and test results to different sorts. This paper focused on the possibility of measuring the short-range ground resistance and the related network theory and the choice of measurement place analysis of the problem, to solute the long-term problem of China in the power system, grounding resistance measurement lead to the long series of problems made some practical significant discussion. Also the errors and solutions of grounding resistance measurement in the three soil, as well as the seasonal factors can make differences on contact potential difference, potential difference, and then introduce them. Key words: Grounding grid, Grounding resistance, Measurement, short-range measurement 目 录 摘要 Ⅰ ABSTRACT Ⅱ 1 接地技术概述 1 1.1接地的重要意义 1 1.2接地的有关概念 1 1.3接地装置的安全判据 4 1.4接地技术和接地电阻测量方法的发展 5 2 接地电阻测量方法的比较分析 8 2.1接地电阻测量方法的基本原理 8 2.2仪表法 10 2.3远离法 12 2.4异频法 14 2.5 0.618补偿法 16 2.6瓦特表法 17 2.7三极法 19 2.8四极法 22 2.9多电极法 29 2.10测量方法的分类和干扰来源分析 30 2.11接地电阻测量方法的比较分析 31 2.12 接地电阻测量误差分析和解决方法 31 3 接地电阻测量问题的探讨 3 3.1接地电阻短距