数学分析 高等数学 微积分 英语课件 上海交通大学 Chapter8.pptVIP

Geometric application: arc length Problem: Find the length s of the arc defined by the curve y=f(x) from a to b. Solution: Use differential element method, take any element [x,x+dx], the length of the sub-arc corresponding to [x,x+dx] is: Therefore the total arc length is Arc length formula If a curve has the equation x=g(y), then the length of the arc corresponding is Ex. Find the length of the arc of the parabola from (0,0) to (1,1). Sol. Differential of arc length function A smooth curve is defined by y=f(x) and let s(x) be the length of the arc corresponding to the part from a to x. Then s(x) is called the arc length function, and we have formula The differential of arc length is Geometric application: surface area A surface of revolution is generated by rotating a planar curve about a line. Problem: find the area of the surface obtained by rotating the curve about the x-axis. Surface area formula Use differential element method, take an element [x,x+dx], the small surface is approximately a portion of a circular cone, thus its surface area is and therefore the total surface area is Surface area formula If the curve is given by and rotate the curve about y-axis, then the surface area formula is Ex. The curve about x-axis, find the surface area. Sol. Surface area formula If the curve is given by and rotate it about x-axis, the surface area formula is If the curve is and rotate about y-axis, the formula is Example Ex. Find the area of the surface generated by rotating the curve segment from (1,1) to (2,4), about the y-axis. Sol I. Sol II. Physical application: hydrostatic pressure Background: when an object is submerged in a fluid, the fluid will exert a force upon