数学分析 高等数学 微积分 英语课件 上海交通大学Chapter6a.pptVIP

Area between curves Recall how we find the area of the region that lies under the curve y=f(x) from a to b, before we define the definite integral: partition, making sum, taking limit After we define definite integral, we know Consider the region enclosed by two curves y=f(x) and y=g(x) and two lines x=a and x=b, where f and g are continuous functions. partition, making sum, taking limit Geometric application: area Comparing the definition of definite integral, the area, which is the limit of the sum, is Similarly, when the region is enclosed by x=f(y), x=g(y), y=c, y=d, its area is given by Example Ex. Find the area of the region enclosed by the parabolas and Sol. Draw the graph and locate two intersection points Example Ex. Find the area of the region enclosed by the parabola and the line Sol. Draw the graph and locate two intersection points Using y as integral variable Differential element method Use differential element method to solve area problem. Let x be the independent variable and be the partial area corresponding to a small interval of x: then approximate by a product of f(x) and dx finally the area is key point: is the linear principal part Geometric application: volume If the cross-section area of a solid S is known, then we can use the differential element method to find the volume of S. Such kind of solid is most often solid of revolution, which is generated by rotating a planar region about a coordinate axis in space. Volume formula Let S be a solid that lies between x=a and x=b. If the cross- sectional area of S in the plane through x and perpendicular to the x-axis, is A(x), then the volume of S can be computed as: take an infinitesimal element [x,x+dx], the sub-volume of the small solid between x and x+dx, is since it is approximately a cylinder with base area A(x) and height dx. Therefore the total volume V of S is Example Ex. Show that