2018版高考英语（人教通用）大一轮复习第二部分语法专题 词形变化类 第四课时　非谓语动词.ppt

I still remember being sent to school for the first time. 我仍记得第一次被送到学校上学的情景。 Having been told many times，he still repeated the same mistake. 虽然被告诉过好多次了，但他仍然重复犯同样的错误。 Having finished the letter，he folded it and put it into the envelope. 写完信后，他把信折起来装进了信封。 考点八　非谓语动词的主动语态表示被动意义 规则? 在“主语＋系动词＋表语(形容词)＋to do”结构中，句子的主语和不定式之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且形容词表示主语的特征或性质，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。该结构中常用的形容词有：easy，difficult，important，interesting，pleasant，comfortable，dangerous等。 How did the accident happen was difficult to find out because there were few people on the street at that time. 很难查明这起事故是如何发生的，因为那时街上几乎没人。 The chair is very comfortable to sit on. 这把椅子坐上去很舒服。 规则? 动词need，want，require作“需要”讲时，后跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，也可跟不定式的被动结构；be worth后也用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。 The figures need to be checked/checking again before we draw a conclusion. 在我们得出结论前，这些数据需要再检查一遍。 1.【误】Being an orphan，the nurse treated him kindly. 【正】He being an orphan，the nurse treated him kindly. 【探究】分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须同句子的主语一致；如果不一致，需在分词前加一个逻辑主语，分词和它的逻辑主语合称独立主格结构或用状语从句。 [正 误 探 究] 2.【误】The window is opened.The door is locked. 【正】The window is open.The door is locked. 【探究】有相应的形容词能说明状态时，则不用分词，而用形容词。open可兼作动词与形容词，都当开、开着的讲，所以只能用它的形容词，而不能用它的分词。而锁着的lock不能作形容词，所以只能用它的过去分词。 3.【误】Having been permitted，he would have succeeded in doing that. 【正】Permitted，he would have succeeded in doing that. 【探究】过去分词作状语如果非谓语与谓语是一般的先后关系的话，直接用过去分词即可。 易错点1　非谓语动词的逻辑主语分析不清 At the beginning of class，the noise of desks ________(open and close) could be heard outside the classroom. 误填　opened and closed 答案　being opened and closed　[本题考查动名词的逻辑主语的应用。由句子结构可知，名词desks为opened and closed的逻辑主语，介词of后应接动词-ing形式。桌子应该被开关。] [易 错 防 范] 【点拨】动名词的逻辑主语是执行动名词这个动作的人或物。动名词的逻辑主语可以由形容词性物主代词、人称代词宾格、名词及名词所有格等充当，这时带有逻辑主语的动名词结构常被称为动名词的复合结构。本题中的名词desks充当动名词结构being opened and closed的逻辑主语。 易错点2　谓语与非谓语混淆不清 Before you quit your job，________ (consider) how your family would feel about your decision. 误填　considering 答案　consider　[前面是before引导的时间状语从句，故后面是主句。分析题干可知主句是省略了主语you的祈使句。] 【点拨】做此类题的关键是判断考点，先弄清是谓语还是非谓语。英语一句话中一般