培根-论人生培根-论人生.ppt

人的一生是短暂的，是不完美的，但只要活得充实有意义，那么这一生就没有遗憾！ ——培根 弗朗西斯·培根（FrancisBacon,1561年1月22日-1626年4月9日）英国近代唯物主义哲学家、思想家和科学家，被马克思称为“英国唯物主义和整个现代实验科学的真正始祖”。 1597年，《培根人生论》在英国首版后，即以文笔优美、语句简洁、趣味隽永、格言精妙而大受欢迎，多次再版重印，历四百多年而未衰，被译为世界上几乎所有文字。 《培根论人生》共二十六篇，本书充满了作者对人世的通透洞察，体现了作者的现实主义与其道德理想的完美融合，是文艺复兴以来欧洲古典人文主义价值观念和政治理想的集中体现。它重点谈了人与社会的关系；人与修养两大主题。培根的这些文章有以下特点： Of Study 　　 Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business. For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best, from those that are learned. To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgment wholly by their rules, is the humor of a scholar. 读书足以怡情，足以傅彩，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其傅彩也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节，然纵观统筹、全局策划，则舍好学深思者莫属。读书费时过多易惰，文采藻饰太盛则矫，全凭条文断事乃学究故态。 They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need proyning, by study; and studies themselves, do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wise men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation. Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and consider. Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention. Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them bot