英语新课标必修二语法归纳(含练习).doc

I语法： 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 一、限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句与主句关系密切，若去掉从句，主句意义不完整，甚至不合逻辑。 I was the only person in our class that was praised by the headmaster at the meeting. 我是我们班唯一一个在会会议上受到校长表扬的人。 This is the teacher who has taught for 30 years. 这就是那位有30年教龄的老师。 二、非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句是指与主句关系不十分密切，只对主句中的先行词起补充说明作用的定语从句。其标志是主句和从句之间常用逗号隔开。 1、引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词指人时用who, whom，指物时用which。Whose既可用来指人也可用指物。 This is our headmaster, who I think has something important to tell you. 这位是我们的校长，我认为他有些重要的事要告诉你。 My elder sister has become a doctor, which I wanted to be. 我姐姐成了一名医生，我原来也想当医生的。 2、引导非限制性定语从句的关系副词有when, where。当先行词指时间时用when，指地点时用where。 He left his hometown in 1992, when he was only 12 years old. 他于1992年离开家乡，当时他只有12岁。 Chaplin lived the last years of his life in Switzerland, where he was buried in 1977. 卓别林在瑞士度过了他的晚年，1977年他被安葬在那里。 三、非限制性定语从句与限制性定语从句的区别： 1、关系词不同：关系代词that，关系副词why均不可引导非限制性定语从句。 The house that I bought last month has got a lovely garden. Can you tell me the reason shy the car broke down? 你能告诉我车子抛锚的原因吗？ 2、非限制性定语从句与主句关系不是很密切，中间常用逗号隔开，翻译时译成两个独立的句子；而限制性定语从句常与主句一起译成一句“……的……”。 I have two foreing teachers, both of whom are from America. 我有两个外教，他们都来自美国。 The foreign teacher who comes from America teaches us literature. 来自美国的那位外教教我们文学。 3、非限制性定语从句的关系词无论在从句中作什么成分，均不可省略；而在限制性定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词可省略。 This is the man, whom we talked about just now. 这就是那个人，我们刚才谈论过他。 This is the man (that/who/whom) we are talking about. 这就是我们正谈论的那个人。 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 定语从句可以用“介词+关系代词”引导，能这样用的关系代词主要是which, whom和whose。先行词指物时用which；先行词指人时用whom；whose在从句中作名词的定语，它们一起置于介词后。 The reason for which he didn’t come this morning was that it was raining heavily. 他今天早晨没来的原因是雨下得太大。(for which= ) Do you still remember the day on which they got married? 你还记得他们结婚的那天吗？(on which= ) This is the city in which he once lived. 这就是他曾经居住过后城市。(in which= ) 【参考答案】 why, when, where 【点津】 （1）以上结构中关系代词不能用that，介词后置方可使用。比如，上面的句子可以改为： This is the city that he once lived in. （2）“介词+which”常可以和when, where, why互换。 （3）选择介词时应根据先行词、从句的谓语动词或形容词以及从句的意义而定。 Moun