巧用句子结构,让你的文章增光彩.doc

巧用句子结构,让你的文章增光彩 --附2011年部分省市书面表达 句子是文章的基本单位。成功的作品是由清晰而合乎语法规则的句子组成的。然而一个好的句子除了能够准确表达作者的意思，还需要简洁生动，这是在考试中获得高分的法宝。 一、句子要简洁 A hero is nothing but a product of his time. 时势造英雄。 写作要求精练，因为，简洁的表达能起到更加强调的作用。我们要写出效果好、影响大的文章，就要想方设法1）避免使用空洞、多余的短语；2）避免过多地使用较长的句子结构，如并列句和从属句等；3）避免不必要的重复。请看下面各例： 1）Owing to the fact that I had a lot of work to do, it wasn’t possible for me to accept their invitation. 本句要表达的意思很简单，可是一堆空洞的短语使句子显得很累赘，改为下面的句子就简洁明了多了。 I was too busy to accept their invitation. 2) He is a man who is honest, who always pays his just debts, and who observes the golden rules in his dealings with others. 英语中比较重要的从属概念可用从句的形式表达，其它次要的概念常用词或短语来表达，因为句子比短语显得更重要。过多地使用从句会把次要的与主要的概念混为一谈，削弱句子的重点。该句可改为： He is an honest man who always pays his just debts, and who observes the golden rules in his dealings with others. 3) My hometown is a quiet, peaceful place. It is quiet and peaceful because of the small number of people living there. 有时为了构成平行的句子结构或达到强调的目的，我们会重复使用某些词语。但是，无目的地重复会导致笨拙。所以本句可改为： My hometown is a quiet, peaceful place because of the small number of people. 二、语言要生动 写作时要吸引读者的兴趣，句子就需生动、充满活力。平淡无味的句子会使人生厌，注意力分散。但要写出生动的句子就必须注意做到： 1.交错使用长短句 长句和短句各有各的特点，各有各的用场。长句结构复杂、容量大，能表达比较复杂的内容，叙事具体、说理严密。短句结构简单、短小精悍、明白易懂。在写作中应当交错使用长句和短句，使句子的长短多样化，增加语言的表现力。请看下面的一段话： It is better to trust to valour than to luck. 靠运气不如靠勇气。 I returned to my room. There was a note under my door. It was from Bob. He said he was in the town looking for a job. He hadnt found anything yet. He added that he was sorry to have missed me. 这里出现的是一连串的短句，读起来使人感到单调乏味，而且各句之间所固有的逻辑关系没能用句法手段表达出来。为了使文字更为生动，意义更加明确，可做如下改动： When I returned to my room, I found a note from Bob under the door. He said he was in the town looking for a job, but hadn’t found anything yet. He added that he was sorry to have missed me. 2.灵活使用多样句式 要达到语言的生动性，写作时就要经常地变换句型和句子结构及表达思想的方式。切忌所有的句子都用相同的句型或句子结构，使文章读起来单调乏味。 在考虑英语句式的变化时, 我们一般从以下几个方面入手: (1) 既可以用主动式也可以用被动式, 例如: 例1：Today, we use machines not only in industry but in other sectors of national economy as well. T