测量1(物理)英文课件测量1(物理)英文课件.pdf

Topic 1: Measurement and uncertainties 1.1 – Measurements in physics Essential idea: Since 1948, the Système International d’Unités (SI) has been used as the preferred language of science and technology across the globe and reflects current best measurement practice. 1 Topic 1: Measurement and uncertainties 1.1 – Measurements in physics Nature of science: (1) Common terminology: Since the 18th century, scientists have sought to establish common systems of measurements to facilitate international collaboration across science disciplines and ensure replication and comparability of experiments. (2) Improvement in instrumentation: Improvement in instrumentation, such as using the transition of cesium-133 atoms for atomic clocks, has led to more refined definitions of standard units. (3) Certainty: Although scientists are perceived as working towards finding “exact” answers, there is unavoidable uncertainty in any measurement. 2 Topic 1: Measurement and uncertainties 1.1 – Measurements in physics Understandings: • Fundamental and derived SI units • Scientific notation and metric multipliers • Significant figures • Orders of magnitude • Estimation 3 Topic 1: Measurement and uncertainties 1.1 – Measurements in physics Applications and skills: • Using SI units in the correct format for all required measurements, final answers to calculations and presentation of raw and processed data • Using scientific notation and metric multipliers • Quoting and comparing ratios, values and approximations to the nearest order of magnitude • Estimating quantities to an appropriate number of significant figures