● Major Writers 3-The Romantic Period [SIMPLIFIED].doc

The Romantic Period I. Romantic Poets A. 华兹华斯 [Wordsworth, William] ? (1770.4.7,英格兰 坎伯兰 科克茅斯～1850.4.23,威斯特摩兰 雷达尔芒特) born April 7, 1770, Cockermouth, Cumberland, Eng. died April 23, 1850, Rydal Mount, Westmorland English poet. Orphaned at age 13, Wordsworth attended Cambridge University, but he remained rootless and virtually penniless until 1795, when a legacy made possible a reunion with his sister Dorothy Wordsworth. He became friends with Samuel Taylor Coleridge, with whom he wrote Lyrical Ballads (1798), the collection often considered to have launched the English Romantic movement. Wordsworths contributions include Tintern Abbey and many lyrics controversial for their common, everyday language. About 1798 he began writing The Prelude (1850), the epic autobiographical poem that would absorb him intermittently for the next 40 years. His second verse collection, Poems, in Two Volumes (1807), includes many of the rest of his finest works, including Ode: Intimations of Immortality. His poetry is perhaps most original in its vision of the organic relation between man and the natural world, a vision that culminated in the sweeping metaphor of nature as emblematic of the mind of God. The most memorable poems of his middle and late years were often cast in elegaic mode; few match the best of his earlier works. By the time he became widely appreciated by the critics and the public, his poetry had lost much of its force and his radical politics had yielded to conservatism. In 1843 he became Englands poet laureate. He is regarded as the central figure in the initiation of English Romanticism. 英国诗人。13岁时成为孤儿。进入剑桥大学学习，但仍生计无着，一文不名。直到1795年获得一笔遗产才和妹妹重聚。他与T.柯尔律治相遇，结成挚友，两人合写的《抒情歌谣集》(1798)促进了英国浪漫主义运动的兴起。诗集包括了华兹华斯的《廷特恩教堂》和其他抒情诗。他试图把中下层阶级的口语尽量用于表达诗的乐趣。1798年前后开始写自传诗；《序曲》于1805年完成初稿，1850年他去世时方才出版。他的第二本诗集《诗二卷》(1807)包括《不朽的征兆》和他多数最好的诗。其作品的主要主题是人与大自然的关系。他写出不少优秀作品。晚年诗人的想像力渐衰，缺乏早年的清新感，佳作渐少。1843年被封为桂冠诗人。他被认为是英国浪漫主义的中心人物。 B. 柯尔律治 [Coleridge, Samuel Taylor] (1772.10.21,英格兰 德文 奥特里圣玛丽～1834.7.25,伦