铁路英语课后notes.docVIP

Wagonways were developed in Germany in the 1550s and the use of these tracks, consisting of wooden (usually edged) rails for horse-drawn wagons, spread across Europe. 16世纪50年代马车铁路在德国发展而成，马拉四轮马车所用的木制轨道(通常是有边的)在欧洲得到了广泛采用。 These had flanged wheels as on modern railways, but another system was introduced, in which unflanged wheels ran on L-shaped metal plates - these became known as plate ways. 这些带有凸缘的轮子与现代铁路类似，但同时产生了另外一种系统，即无凸缘的轮子运行在L形的金属板上，该系统就演变成为板式铁轨。 At the outset this road was regarded as only a special sort of toll-road upon which any carrier might transport goods or passengers in his own vehicles, but experience showed that it was necessary for the railway company to transport the goods as well. 一开始，这条路仅被认为是一种专门的收费道路，任何人在该条路均可以用自己的车辆运送换物或旅客。但经验表明，铁路公司也有必用在铁路线上运输货物。 Placing a horse car on rails had enabled a horse to move as twice as many people, and so street railways were born. 让马车在轨道上行驶，使得一匹马行走的距离是多数人的两倍，因此有轨电车就产生了。 Diesel locomotives are electric locomotives with an on-board generator powered by a Diesel engine. 通过内燃机驱动的带有发电机的内燃机车是电力机车。 The term “maglev” refers not only to vehicle but to the vehicle/guideway interaction; each being a unique design element specifically tailored to the other to create and precisely control magnetic levitation. “磁悬浮”这一术语不单指车体，还指车体与导轨之间的相互作用，车体和导轨都必须精心设计以致能互相作用来产生磁悬浮，并且准确控制。 Inductrack was originally developed as a magnetic motor and bearing for a flywheel to store power. With only slight design changes, the bearings were unrolled into a linear track. 磁性轨道最初开发成一磁性电动机和轴承来为飞轮储存能量。轴承只具有细微的设计变化，就可被展开成为直线型的轨道。 In one design, the train can be levitated by the repulsive force of like poles or the attractive force of opposite poles of magnets. The train can be propelled by a linear motor on the track or on the train, or both. 在一种设计中，列车可以通过磁体的同极排斥或异极吸引力而被悬浮。且可通过在轨道，或列车，或在两者的直线电动机来推动。 Some conventional maglev systems are stabilized with electromagnets that have electronic stabilization. This works by constantly measuring the bearing distan