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语态 专题一(下) 语态 2010.10.24 语态 语态也是动词的一种形式，表示主语（动作的发出者或动作的承受者）和谓语之间的关系。 语态分两种形式：主动语态和被动语态。主语是动作的发出者时为主动语态；主语是动作的接受者时为被动语态。 构成 主语 +助动词be + 动词过去分词 （+ by + 动作执行者），时态通过be表现出来。 The fire was put out by the firefighters. 大火被消防员扑灭了。 各个时态的被动式 被动 am/ is/ are done am/ is/ are being done have/ has been done have/ has been being done will be done will be being done will have been done will have been being done was/ were done was/ were being done had been done had been being done would be done would be being done would have been done would have been being done 常用的被动语态 典型的被动结构 It is said that…　　 据说　　 It is reported that… 据报道　　　 It is believed that…　大家相信　　　　　 It is hoped that…　大家希望 It is well known that… 众所周知　　 It is thought that…　大家认为 It is suggested that…　据建议　　　　　 It is taken granted that…　 被视为当然　 It has been decided that… 大家决定　　 It must be remembered that… 务必记住的是 用主动形式表示被动含义的几种情况　 表示状态特征的连系动词，如：look, sound, smell, taste, prove+ 表语 。 It smells badly.它闻起来很不好 2. 表示开始、结束和运动的动词，如：begin, start, finish, open, close, end, shut, run, move The store opens at 6 every morning.这个商店每天早上6点开始营业 3. 表示主语的某种属性特征的动词，如：read, write, sell, wash, clear, wear, open, cook, dry, eat, drink. The pen writes smoothly.这支钢笔好用 The shoes sell well. 这双鞋卖得很好 4. 主语＋系动词＋adj to do sth. The book is difficult to understand.这本书很难懂 5. 主语（动作的承受者）need /want /require+ doing表示事物（或人）客观上需要…… The classroom wants/needs/requires cleaning. 教室需要打扫。 =The classroom wants to be cleaned. 使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题 ①主动变化被动时双宾语的变化。看下列例句。My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday.我的朋友在我生日的时候给了我一本有趣的书 An interesting book was given to me by my friend on my birthday. I was given an interesting book by my friend on my birthday. ②主动变被动时，宾补成主补；作补语的不定式前需加to。The boss made him work all day long.He was made to work all day long(by the boss) 老板让他整天工作 ③短语动词变被动语态时，勿要掉“尾巴”。She took good care of the children. The children were taken good care of (by her) 1.I don’t know the park, but it’s ___________to be quite beautiful. A. s