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Unit 11 　 　 　 　 Adverbial Clauses 　 　 　 Highlights of the Unit 单元要点概述 Practical Translation Training 实用翻译训练 I. Adverbial Clauses in English-Chinese Translation 英语状语从句的翻译 II. Translation of Adverbial Clauses in Chinese 汉语状语从句的翻译 Reflections and Practice 思考与练习 BACK 　 　 　 　 　 单元要点概述 　 　 　 　 　 实用翻译训练英译汉：Why Measure Life in Heartbeats 　 　 　 　 　 实用翻译训练汉译英：艾滋病 　 　 　 　 　 I. 英语状语从句的翻译 　 　 1. 时间状语从句 2. 地点状语从句 　 　 3. 原因状语从句 4. 条件状语从句 　 　 5. 让步状语从句 6. 目的状语从句 　 　 　 　 　 II. 汉语状语从句的翻译 　 　 1. 分清主次关系 2. 使用无灵主语 　 　 　 　 　 本单元就英语状语从句的翻译问题做了归纳，并对汉语状语的翻译做了简介。 　 　 　 　 　 英语状语从句根据功能的不同可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、让步、目的等状语从句，在英汉翻译时一般比较容易处理，不会构成翻译的主要障碍，关键在于怎样将其放入恰当的位置，怎样处理好句与句之间的连接关系。本单元举例说明了各种英语状语从句的翻译方法：1. 时间状语从句，除了按常规的主从关系翻译之外，亦可译作汉语的并列结构或条件句；2. 地点状语从句有时可译作汉语的条件句；3. 原因状语从句可视情况译作汉语主句；4. 条件状语从句可译作汉语的假设句或补语从句；5. 让步状语从句可译作汉语的“不管”、“无论”之类的无条件句；6. 目的状语从句可根据不同的语气或放在句首，或放在句末。 　 　 　 　 　 汉语状语的翻译的关键在于两点：一是分清主次关系；二是学会使用无灵主语。因为汉语句与句之间往往没有明显的连接词语，句式衔接通过“意合”的机制来实现，讲究“不言而喻”，需要我们潜心把握。汉语不像英语那样大量地使用无灵名词充当役使主语。汉译英学会使用英语的这种造句法有助于简化译文的结构，将汉语的某些复合结构翻译成英语简单句。 　 　 　 　 Practical Translation Training 　 　 　 　 　 1. English-Chinese Translation 　 　 　 　 　 Why Measure Life in Heartbeats 　 　 　 　 　 When I became aware of my imminent mortality, my attitudes changed. There was real meaning to the words, This is the first day of the rest of your life. There was a heightened awareness of each sunny day, the beauty of flowers, and the song of a bird. How often do we reflect on the joy of breathing easily, of swallowing without effort and discomfort, of walking without pain, of a complete and peaceful nights sleep? 　 　 　 　 　 After I became ill, I embarked upon many things I had been putting off before. I read the books I had set aside for retirement and wrote one myself, entitled The Art of Surgery. My wife Madeleine and I took more, holidays. We played tennis regularly and curled avidly; we took the boys fishing. When I review these past few years, it seems in many ways that I have lived a lifetime