欧洲风能技术论文52_Clean_Development_Mechanism_(CDM)_Funding_for_Windfarms.pptVIP

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欧洲风能技术论文52_Clean_Development_Mechanism_(CDM)_Funding_for_Windfarms.ppt

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欧洲风能技术论文52_Clean_Development_Mechanism_(CDM)_Funding_for_Windfarms

Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) Funding for Windfarms Dr John Green, Director, IT Power Carbon Presentation Outline The CDM Market CDM funding for windfarms Case study describing the first windfarm in the world to become a CDM project Obtaining advice CDM Host Countries How the CDM can Accelerate Wind Power Development Additional source of revenue Help secure other finance Offset foreign exchange risks for imported equipment Promote technology transfer Funding from the CDM Example of a 45MW wind farm in China: Total investment approximately US$50 million CERs of approximately 90,000/year Price at US$6 per tCO2 would lead to income of approximately US$5.4 million over 10 years Discounted, this represents approximately 8% of total investment costs Overview of the CDM Market Current CER price: €3-€8 EU ETS price: €18-€28 World Bank’s PCF price objectives is US$3/tCO2 1 Certified Emission Reductions (CER) = 1 tonne reduction of carbon dioxide equivalent saved compared to the project baseline Buyers of CERs In 2003-4 the major buyers (accounting for 90% of the transactions) were: Japanese Companies World Bank Carbon Finance Business Netherlands Government Private funds and ETS participants are now playing a strong role in the market Limitations Bureaucratic procedures CDM Executive Board Methodology Panel National policies Transactions costs (up-front and on-going) Market price Too low uncertain for many projects Post-2012 uncertainty Relatively low demand No demand from the USA Russian/Ukrainian supply Documentation required for a CDM Project Baseline study - emissions that would occur in the absence of the proposed project Project Design Document (PDD) - 60+ pages needed to demonstrate that this project is “additional” Contract for selling emissions reductions Issues to be Considered Costs Project Design Document ~€75k Verification ~€8k Registration ~€15k Annual certification ~€8k Small-scale CDM a little cheaper Minimum project size for it to be pr