考研英语阅读资料-社会生活类6.docxVIP

考研英语怎么复习？在考研复习中，复习资料的选择至关重要。中公考研辅导老师为考生整理了【考研英语-阅读理解知识点讲解和习题】，同时可以为大家提供名师考研英语视频、考研英语复习资料、考研英语真题和考研英语辅导等，助您冲击名校！Text 2本文背景知识：先验主义（transcendentalism）是一种哲学思潮，?/subview/6181/6181.htm唯心主义/subview/51552htm认识论的一种表现形式。同唯物主义/subview/101800/101800.htm反映论根本对立。认为人的知识是先于感觉经验、先于社会实践的东西，是先天就有的。亦称先验主义、/subview/5046442/5051837.htm唯心主义先验论。先验主义是由/subview/16392htm爱默生发起的一次文化运动，当时大部分作家都受到了这个运动的影响。先验主义者们认为人类感官只能感觉到物质的现实世界。对于先验主义者们来说，生命的基本实质是感官所不能触及的，只有通过直觉才能对它有所理解和领会。Americans today don’t place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education -- not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren’t difficult to find.“Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,” says education writer Diane Ravish. “Schools could be a counterbalance.” Ravitch’s latest book, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. “Continuing along this path”, says writer Earl Shorris, “We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society.”“Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,” writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism in American life, a Pulitzer Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that sm