非谓语动词III.doc

非谓语动词III----动名词 1. 形式 动名词 主动形式 被动形式 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 2. 动名词的动词特征和名词特征 1). 它具有动词特征 它可有时态和语态的变化，也可以带宾语和状语。 2). 在有些句子结构中它具有名词特征 它可以带冠词，可以被形容词、代词及名词所有格修饰。 3. 动名词的句法功能 1). 作主语 e.g. Improving your study habits will improve your grades. Listening to music gives me pleasure.(主语Listening ) 注意：主语可置于句尾：a. 用 It is 后接 no use. no good, fun 等的句型1. It is no use learning theory without practice.2. It is no fun being lost in rain.b.用 There + be + no + v-ing 的句型1.There is no joking about such matters.2. There is no getting along with him. (简直无法与他相处) 2). 作主语补语 e.g. As a teacher what I hate most is cheating. My cats favorite activity is sleeping. (补语sleeping) 3). 作宾语作动词/动词短语/介词的宾语(置于动词或动词短语或介词的后面) 例如1. I cannot help laughing. （我禁不住笑了起来）（宾语laughing）2. You should avoid quarrelling with your sister.(宾语quarrelling)3. You should practice speaking English more.(宾语speaking)4. Im sorry for giving you so much trouble. (介词for，宾语giving)5. The book is worth reading. (介词worth, 宾语reading)6. I reached him by calling his office. (介词by, 宾语calling)7. The police arrested(逮捕)him for speeding. (介词for, 宾语speeding)8. I have the pleasure of speaking to the famous author. (pleasure of + 宾语speaking)9. He takes a great interest in studying languages. (interest in + 宾语studying) 注意：a) 上面三个句子中的动词:help, avoid, practice 只能用动名词作宾语。这类动词还有：dislike 厌恶 admit 接受repent 后悔acknowledge 承认 escape避免deny 否认postpone/delay延迟resent 怨恨mind 介意 miss 错过risk 冒风险finish 完成avoid 避免delay 耽误 consider 认为fancy 想象 excuse 原谅include 包括 imagine 想象resist 抵制suggest 建议 advise, allow, anticipate, avoid, dread, encourage, excuse, keep, prevent, propose, recall, recollect, risk,……还有短语类：keep (on)继续 dont mind 不介意 cannot help 不禁 give up 放弃put off 延迟leave off 停止burst out 闯出…… b).在demand, deserve, need, require, want等动词后面，作宾语的动名词表示被动的意思。 e.g. My shirt requires ironing. c)在下列的句子结构中，介词 in 被省略掉：1. She is busy (in) correcting her exercises.2. He spent two hours (in) reading book.3. There is no use (in) ta