音频各种单位详解.docVIP

? dB的定義: 就物理量(電壓, 聲壓)來說, dB=20*log(p/pref), 其中p代表任何物理量, pref 代表叁考物理量, 如電壓的ref為1V, 聲壓為20uPa. 就能量的定義來看, dB=10*log(E/Eref), 其中E代表任何能量, Eref 代表叁考能量. 之所以會有10與20之間的差異, 在於能量正比於物理量的平方(E=1/2 mv^2). 各種dB的參數: dBSPL: 以20uPa為參考, 1Pa=94dB, 為表示聲壓值最常用的參數, speaker,receiver零件的sound pressure level以此表示. dBA表示A加權. dBPa: 以1Pa為參考, 1Pa=0dB, 一般所看見表示聲壓值的另一種方法, microphone的感度最常用此表示, 如-44dBPa/V 其他我懶的打了, 在此轉貼ITU-T的資料. For absolute power level (see Appendix I, § I. 1. 1)dBW: absolute power level with respect to 1 watt, expressed in decibels;dBm: absolute power level with respect to 1 milliwatt, expressed in decibels;dBm0 absolute power level with respect to 1 milliwatt, expressed in decibels, referred to a point of zero relative level;dBm0p: absolute psophometric power level (weighted for telephony) with respect to 1 milliwatt, expressed in decibels, referred to a point of zero relative level;dBm0s: absolute power level with respect to 1 milliwatt, expressed in decibels, referred to a point of zero relative level in sound programme transmission;dBm0ps: absolute psophometric power level (weighted for sound-programme transmission) with respect to 1 milliwatt, expressed in decibels, referred to a point of zero relative level in sound programme transmission. For absolute level of an electromagnetic field (see Appendix I, § I.2.1):dBμ or dBu: absolute level of the electromagnetic field with respect to 1mV/m, expressed in decibels.For absolute voltage level including the audio-frequency noise level (see Appendix I, §§ I.2.2 and I.2.3):dBu: absolute voltage level with respect to 0.775 V, expressed in decibels;dBu0: absolute voltage level with respect to 0.775 V, referred to a point of zero relative level;dBu0s: absolute voltage level with respect to 0.775 V, referred to a point of zero relative level in soundprogramme transmission;dBqps: absolute weighted voltage level measured according to Recommendation 468, CCIR Volume X-1, in sound-programme transmission;dBq0ps: absolute weighted vol