英语写作要素.docxVIP

I Elementary rules of writingIn a series of three or more terms with a single conjunction, use a comma after each term except the last.在并列三个或者三个以上项目时，如果只用了一个连接词，一定不要忘记在连接词之前使用逗号。He opened the letter, read it, and made a note of its contents.Enclose parenthetic expressions between commas.当插入语对整个句子的描述过程印象较小，如仅仅使用一个however，就可以不用逗号，但是如果对整个句子的描述过程有较大的干扰，则必须用逗号隔开。不管是哪种情况，都不能只使用一个逗号，逗号必须成对使用。! Marh’s husband, Nixon paid us a visit last weekend. The best way to see a country, unless you are pressed for time, is to travel on foot.此外，日期的标点符号为：February to July, 1992April 6, 1986Wednesday, November 8, 2013非限定性从句（不对其前面的名词下定义或者作解释），属于插入成分，也用逗号隔开。如when，which，和where引导的非限定性从句，只是添加意义。In 1769, when Napoleon was born, Corsica had but recently been acquired by France.相反，若为限定性从句，则不能用逗号隔开。People sitting in the rear couldn’t hear.而不能用：！People, sitting in the rear, couldn’t hear.Place a comma before a conjunction introducing an independent clause.若连接词引导一个完整的句子，前面必须用一个逗号。The situation is perilous, but there is still one chance of escape.若由but连接的两个句子前后主语一样，并且后一个句子中省略了主语，在but前面要用逗号：I have heard the arguments, but am still unconvinced.但当连接词为and，且前后两句描述直接紧密相关时，不用逗号。He has had several years experience and is thoroughly competent.Do not join independent clauses with a comma or semicolon.若句子为两个完整的句子，不能用逗号或者分号semicolon连接。Mary Shelleys works are entertaining; they are full of engaging ideas.可以直接转写为两个完整的句子。中间用句号.或者处理为Mary Shelleys works are entertaining, for they are full of engaging ideas.此时就不是两个完整的句子。 Do not break sentences in two.不要在不该用句号的地方使用句号，将一个完整的句子分隔开She was an interesting talker. A woman who had traveled all over the world and lived in half a dozen countries.此时，句号应该换位逗号。6. 主语的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数哪怕中间有再多插入语，谓语动词的单复数形式只取决于主语。例：The bittersweet flavor of youth—its trails, its joys, its adventures, its challenges—are not soon forgotten.The bittersweet flavor of youth—its trails, its joys, its adventures, its challenges—is not soon forgotten.若关系从句包括one of 开头的短语，并且关系从句要充当主语，其后的动词用复数：One of the ablest sci