性能评价技术实验-测量,解析,仿真模拟.pptVIP

性能评价技术: 实验-测量，解析，仿真/模拟 实验/测量 (measurement) 技术：通过测量设备或测量程序（软件）直接测量计算机系统的各种性能指标，或与之相关的量，然后由它们经过运算求出相应的性能的指标。 模型/建模 (modeling) 技术：对评价的计算机系统建立一个适当的模型，然后求出模型的性能指标，以便对计算机系统进行评价，该技术又分为解析技术和仿真技术两种。 解析 (analysis) 技术是采用数学分析方法，通过对系统的简化及解析模型的建立，以求得系统的性能。 仿真 (simulation) 技术是采用软件仿真原理，通过构造仿真模型，详尽、逼真地描述计算机系统。当模型按照系统本身的方式运行时，对系统的动态行为进行统计，从而得到有关的性能指标。 测量、解析、仿真之间，相互联系，相互验证，各有优缺。 模拟（emulation）---- simulation + experiment Why Measure? The Internet is a man-made system, so why do we need to measure it? Because we still don’t really understand it Because sometimes things go wrong Analyze/characterize network phenomena Measurement for network operations Detecting and diagnosing problems What-if analysis of future changes Measurement for scientific discovery Characterizing a complex system as organism Creating accurate models that represent reality Identifying new features and phenomena Test new tools, protocols, systems, etc. Why Build Models of Measurements? Compact summary of measurements Efficient way to represent a large data set E.g., exponential distribution with mean 100 sec Expose important properties of measurements Reveals underlying cause or engineering question E.g., mean RTT to help explain TCP throughout Generate random but realistic data as input Generate new data that agree in key properties E.g., topology models to feed into simulators What Can be Measured? Traffic Packet or flow traces Load statistics Performance of paths Application performance, e.g,. Web download time Transport performance, e.g., TCP bulk throughput Network performance, e.g., packet delay and loss Network structure Topology, and paths on the topology Dynamics of the routing protocol Performance Metrics Throughput, Latency, Response time, Loss, Utilization, Arrival rate, Bandwidth, Routing （hop）, Reliability Sample Question: Topology? What is the topology of the network? At the IP router layer Without “inside” knowledge or official network maps Without SNMP or other privileged access Why do we care?