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Chapter 7: Relational Database Design;Chapter 7: Relational Database Design;The Banking Schema;The Banking Schema;Combine Schemas?;A Combined Schema Without Repetition;What About Smaller Schemas?;A Lossy Decomposition;关系模型的形式化定义;数据依赖;Functional Dependencies;Functional Dependencies (Cont.);Functional Dependencies (Cont.);Use of Functional Dependencies;Functional Dependencies (Cont.);Closure of a Set of Functional Dependencies;完全依赖 在R(U)中，如果X?Y，并且对于X的任何一个真子集X’都有X’?Y，则称Y对X完全依赖，记作X ?Y。 部分依赖 若X?Y但Y不完全依赖于X，则称Y对X部分函数依赖，记作X ? Y。 传递依赖 在R(U)中，如果X?Y，Y?Z，且Y?X，Z?Y，Y?X，则称Z对X传递依赖。记作X ? Y。 ;规范化;Normalization (范式);Goals of Normalization;7.2 First Normal Form;First Normal Form (Cont’d);2NF;3NF;BCNF;Boyce-Codd Normal Form;BCNF and Dependency Preservation;Functional-Dependency Theory;Closure of a Set of Functional Dependencies;公理 F1（自反性， reflexivity ）：若X?Y，则X?Y或X?X。 F2（增广性， augmentation ）：若X?Y，则XZ?YZ或XZ?Y。 F3（传递性， transitivity) ）：若X?Y，Y?Z，则X?Z。 推理规则 F5（伪传性, pseudotransitivity）：若X?Y，YW?Z，则XW?Z。 F6（合成性, union）：若X?Y，X?Z，则X?YZ。 F7（分解性, decomposition）：若X?YZ，则X?Y，X?Z。 ;Example;Procedure for Computing F+;Closure of Attribute Sets;Example of Attribute Set Closure;Example of Attribute Set Closure;Uses of Attribute Closure;Canonical Cover;Extraneous Attributes（无关属性）;Extraneous Attributes;Testing if an Attribute is Extraneous;Canonical Cover;Lossless-join Decomposition;Example;Dependency Preservation;3NF Decomposition Algorithm;3NF Decomposition: An Example;3NF Decompsition Example (Cont.);3NF Decompsition Example (Cont.);Overall Database Design Process;ER Model and Normalization;Denormalization for Performance;End of Chapter;Proof of Correctness of 3NF Decomposition Algorithm;Correctness of 3NF Decomposition Algorithm;Correctness of 3NF Decomposition Algorithm (Cont’d.);Correctness of 3NF Decomposition (Cont’d.);Correctness of 3NF Decomposition (Cont’d.);Figure 7.5: Sample Relation r;Figure 7.6;Figure 7.7;Figure 7.15: An Example of Redundancy in a BCNF Relation;Figu