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外文原文 Surface settlement predictions for Istanbul Metro tunnels excavated by EPB-TBM S. G. Ercelebi ? H. Copur ? I. Ocak Abstract In this study, short-term surface settlements are predicted for twin tunnels, which are to be excavated in the chainage of 0 ? 850 to 0 ? 900 m between the Esenler and Kirazl? stations of the Istanbul Metro line, which is 4 km in length. The total length of the excavation line is 21.2 km between Esenler and Basaksehir. Tunnels are excavated by employing two earth pressure balance (EPB) tunnel boring machines (TBMs) that have twin tubes of 6.5 m diameter and with 14