国际班笔试预备课讲义2.0.docxVIP

1. 掌握生词、短语2. 掌握阅读中常见句型3. 掌握定语从句1.生词短语、2. 句型3. 定语从句4. 细节阅读PASSAGE 1By the mid-nineteenth century, the term icebox had entered the American language, but ice was still only beginning to affect the diet of ordinary citizens in the United States. The ice trade grew with the growth of cities. Ice was used in hotels, taverns, and hospitals, and by some forward-looking city dealers in fresh meat, fresh fish, and butter. After the Civil War (1861-1865),as ice was used to refrigerate freight cars, it also came into household use. Even before 1880, half the ice sold in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, and one-third of that sold in Boston and Chicago, went to families for their own use. This had become possible because a new household convenience, ①the icebox, ②a precursor of the modern refrigerator, had been invented.Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat, （which was essential to a science of refrigeration）,was rudimentary. The commonsense notion③【 that the best icebox was one④（ that prevented the ice from melting）】was of course mistaken, for ⑤it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling.Nevertheless, early efforts to economize ice included wrapping the ice in blankets, ⑩（which kept the ice from doing its job）. ⑥Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did inventors achieve the delicate balance of insulation and circulation⑦{ needed for an efficient icebox}.But as early as 1803, an ingenious Maryland farmer, ⑧Thomas Moore, had been on the right track. He owned a farm about twenty miles outside the city of Washington, （for which the village of Georgetownwas the market center）. When he used an icebox of his own design to transport his butter to market, he found that customers would pass up the rapidly melting stuff in the tubs of his competitors {to pay a premium price for his butter}, still fresh and hard in neat, one-pound bricks.One advantag