Process safety 过程安全介绍.docVIP

Process Safety 字数1847 Process safety focuses on preventing fires, explosions and accidental chemical releases in chemical process facilities or other facilities dealing with hazardous materials such as refineries, and oil and gas (onshore and offshore) production installations . Process safety generally refers to the prevention of unintentional releases of chemicals, energy, or other potentially dangerous materials (including steam) during the course of chemical processes that can have a serious effect to the plant and environment. Process safety involves, for example, the prevention of leaks, spills, equipment malfunction, over-pressures, over-temperatures, corrosion, metal fatigue and other similar conditions. Process safety programs focus on design and engineering of facilities, maintenance of equipment, effective alarms, effective control points, procedures and training. It is sometimes useful to consider process safety as the outcome or result of a wide range of technical, management and operational disciplines coming together in an organized way. Process safety chemists will examine both: Desired chemical reaction, using a reaction calorimeter. 2. Undesired chemical reaction, using one or more of: ?Differential scanning calorimeter ?Reactive screening device ?Adiabatic calorimeter These instruments are typically used for examining crude materials that are planned to be purified by distillation - these results will allow the chemist to decide on a maximum temperature limit for a process , that will not give rise to a thermal runaway. Classical thermo-analytical micro methods (DTA, DSC) are still very useful for process work, but medium scale instruments based on heat flow measurement are attaining an increasingly important role in this domain. The application of heat flow calorimetry in the process of industrial production has been introduced. Some papers give overviews on the principles of heat flow control and review the developments of the fifties and sixtie