Chapter 7 Investments笔记.docVIP

Chapter 7 Investments Investment classification The investor lacks significant influence over the investee:投资方对被投资方Equity ownership （持有股权） 20% Held-to-maturity (HTM) securities持有至到期投资 Investments in debt securities for which the investor has the “positive intent and ability” to hold to maturity.投资者有“明确的意图和能力”持有至到期的债券投资。 Trading securities (TS)交易性证券 Trading securities are actively managed in a trading account for the purpose of profiting from short-term price changes.交易性证券在一个交易账户中得到活跃的管理，其目的是为了从短期的价格变化中获利。（以短期投机为目的） Trading securities can either be bonds or stocks. 交易性证券可以是债券或股票 Securities available-for-sale (AFS) 可供出售的证券 When a company acquires an investment, not for an active trading account or to be held to maturity, the company classifies its investment as AFS securities. 当公司取得一项投资，而这项投资既不是以投机为目的进行经常性的买卖，也不将持有至到期时，公司把这项投资归为“可供出售的证券”。 AFS securities can either be bonds or stocks.可供出售的证券可以是债券或股票。 The investor has significant influence over the investee:投资方对被投资方 20%≤ equity ownership ≤ 50% The investor controls the investee: 投资方 Equity ownership 50% Four events in investment In investment, we mainly talk about “four events”: 投资中的“四个事件” A.Purchasing the investment 购买投资 B.Recognizing investment revenue 确认“投资收益” C.Holding the investment during periods in which the investment’s fair value changes (recognizing “unrealized holding gains and losses”) 该项投资持有期间公允价值的变动(确认未实现持有利得和损失) D.Selling the investment (recognizing “realized gains and losses”) 出售投资(确认已实现利得和损失) Case study 1 Bond—HTM—平价 Purchased Masterwear Industries’ 12%, 3-year (from July 1, 2011 to June 30, 2014) bonds for $700,000. The face amount was $700,000. Interest is payable semiannually on June 30 and December 31. The market rate is 12%. (Suppose it’s a HTM) A. Purchasing the investment (July 1, 2011) Dr. Investment in bonds 700,000 Cr. Cash B. Recognizing investment revenue On Dec 31, 2011: Dr. Cash 42,000 Cr. Investment revenue 42,000 On June 30, 2012: Dr. Cash 42,000