2005普通语言学A.docVIP

外国语学院 英语专业　2005 －2006 学年 第一学期　《语言学》 期末考试 试卷 (A) 题号 I II III IV V VI VII VIII IX 总分 得分 阅卷教师 (学生填写部分 □□□□级　□年级 □班 姓名：　 学号： 考试时间：年　月　日　原任课教师：　　　现任课教师： I. Define the following terms. (15%) design features hyponymy predicate lexeme inflectional morpheme II. Decide which of the following statements is TRUE and which is FALSE. (10%) The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is a good illustration of the creative nature of language. Both lexicology and morphology study words, but the former is concerned with the internal organization of words and the latter deals with external relationship among words. Linguistic studies before this century are largely prescriptive while modern linguistics is mostly descriptive. Sound [t] in the word “stop’ is an aspirated [t], in the word “top” is an unaspirated [t]. A phonetician would be more interested in such difference as [p] and [ph] than a phonologist, because such difference will not cause differences in meaning. “Flat” and “apartment” are two stylistic synonyms. The noun “editor” is obtained from its verb “edit”, which involves the process of derivation. In grammatical analysis, the basic unit is sentence; in semantic analysis, the basic unit is called predication. The structural approach to the analysis of language was started by the Swiss linguist Ferdinand de Saussure; the most important advocator of generative approach is the American linguist Noam Chomsky. In the dialogue “A: Shall I get something for the kids? B: Yes, but I veto I-C-E-C-R-E-A-M.”, B is violating the maxim of quality. III. Finish the following items according to the requirements (50%) 1. Write out the phonetic alphabet based on the given phonetic features (10%) 1). [voiced alveolar fricative] 2). [voiceless labio-dental fricative] 3). [high front long vowel] 4). [bilabial nasal] 5). [voiced dental fricative] 6). [alveolar lateral] 7). [low front vowel] 8). [bilabial app