专八 人文知识之 Literature.docxVIP

LiteratureBritish literature中古时期-before 15th1. Beowulf represents the highest achievement of the old English2. Caedmon is the earliest English poet3. Sir Gawain and the green knight is one of the best Middle English romance4. William Langland-piers the plowman-the great work along with the Canterbury tales5. Geoffrey Chaucer-“the father of English poetry” and “the father of English fiction”6. The Robin Hood Ballads-English folk literature文艺复兴时期-14th—17thDrama is the most distinctive achievementPoetry1. Thomas Wyatt is the first to introduce sonnet into English2. Edmund Spenser is “the poets’ poet” and poet laureateMasterpiece: the faerie queen (Spenserian stanza-eight iambic pentameter lines and a line of six iambic feet)Other works: the shepherd’s calendar epithalamionProse1. Thomas More Masterpiece-utopia2. Francis Bacon is England’s first essayist3.John Lyly-euphues(the use of euphuism夸饰文体)DramaChristopher Marlowe-the greatest playwright before Shakespeare and most gifted university writerHe first use blank verse in drama and paved the way for ShakespeareWorks: Tamburlaine the tragic history of doctor Faustus (best play)the Jew of MaltaWilliam Shakespeare(37 plays,154 sonnets)Four great Comedies: a midsummer night’s dream, as you like it, the merchant of Venice, twelfth nightFour great tragedies: Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, MacbethBen Johnson-vulpine-satirical comedy资产阶级革命和王朝复辟时期-17thLiterature of the revolution period (age of Milton) of restoration period (age of Dryden)PoetsJohn Milton (a master of blank verse)Masterpiece: paradise lost others: Samson agonist’s paradise regainedJohn Donne-the founder of the metaphysical schoolMasterpiece: a valediction: forbidding mourningProsesJohn Bunyan-the pilgrim’s progressWritersJeremy Collier-a short view of the immorality and profaneness of the English stageJohn Dryden-the father of English criticismForerunner of the English classical school of literature in the 18thand poet laureate for 20 years, he also created