毕业论文-减压塔设计.doc

减压塔设计 摘 要 本设计是对工艺流程中的常底油精馏塔的设计。设计过程主要是依照GB150-1998《钢制压力容器》标准和JB/T 4710-2005《钢制塔式容器》进行设计计算的。该塔采用变径的板式塔结构，并采用单溢流型舌形塔盘和泡罩塔盘，操作介质是常底油。精馏塔是目前石油炼厂中应用最多的塔设备。 在说明部分中，主要介绍了塔设备在石油化工生产中的作用、地位、发展、现状、特点及和分类，优先选用板式塔的条件，以及舌形塔盘和泡罩塔盘的结构和优缺点，同时又对塔的材料选择，筒体、封头的选用进行了说明和论述。接下来又介绍了塔的附件结构，对筒体、裙座、封头、吊柱、地脚螺栓座、基础环板、筋板的选用进行了介绍并校核了它们的强度，同时也对裙座与筒体的连接方式与结构进行了说明。 在计算部分中，主要对筒体、封头材料的选择、壁厚的选取进行了计算，并进行了稳定性校核。对自振周期、地震载荷、风载荷进行了计算，同时又计算了该筒体的轴向强度和稳定性，裙座的设计计算及校核，地脚螺栓座的设计及其强度校核，筋板、盖板及开孔补强的设计计算及校核。最后经过计算和强度校核，设计出了合理的减压精馏塔的结构，并绘制了图纸。 关键词：封头,筒体，强度，校核 The Design of Vacuum Distillation Equipment Abstract This is a design of tower. It is a rectify tower for oil, which is used in technological process. The design process is mostly designed and calculated according to the GB150-1998” Steel pressure vessels” and JB/T 4710-2005” Steel vertical vessels supported by skirt”. The tower is used by the kind of plate structure, and used by the cross flow valve tray. The operating transmitter is oil. The tower is the most widely used in petrochemical industry. In the direction part, it is introduced the function and status of the tower in the petrochemical production and the classification of tower, the evolution of plate tower and the condition of using it precedently, the structure and merits and demerits of float valve tray, as well as the choice of materials and the selection of the cylinder and head. Then it is also introduced the accessory structure of the tower, which is cylinder, skirt, head, davit, foundation bolt pedestal, ground ring flat-plate, rib plate, and check their force. In addition, it is explained the connect sorts and structures between the skirt and cylinder. In the calculation part, it is very important to choose the materials of the cylinder and head, and the wall thickness. Then it is calculated and checked the stability, and calculated the natural vibration period, seismic load signed and checked the skirt, foundation bolt pedestal, rib plate, capping plate and reinforce for open pore. At last, ba