The United States Civil War美国内战.ppt

The United States Civil War Chapter 14 The Secession Crisis The Withdrawal of the South “fire eaters” demand withdrawal of southern states from union after 1860 election President Buchanan told Congress that no state had the right to secede form the Union, but suggested that the federal government had no authority to stop a state if it did (!) Seceding states immediately seized federal property within their boundaries The Failure of Compromise after Southern guns fire on Northern ship at Fort Sumter, one last effort at compromise Senator John Crittenden: permanent slavery and reestablish Missouri Compromise Line Remaining southern states willing to accept the plan, Northern Republicans not Lincoln sneaks in on a train at night in disguise... inaugural address* First Battle: Fort Sumter FS was an island off the coast of S. Carolina Lincoln send munitions to re-supply the fort Choice for Confederate government: submission or war Union forces surrender after two days bombarding More states follow seccession after Southern victory The Opposing Sides All important material advantages lay with the North (see graph on pg. 474) North advantages population industrial system transportation system South advantages defensive war clear and firm commitment from supporters communication European dependence on “King Cotton” Annapolis military leadership* The Mobilization of the North Economic Measures Homestead Act of 1862 Morrill Land Grant transcontinental railroad Union Pacific and Central Pacific National Bank Acts: 1/3 to government securities Financing the War levying taxes: goods, services and first income tax issuing paper currency: “greenbacks” backed by gov’t similar to today borrowing: $400 million worth of public bonds, $2.6 billion total (banks) Raising the Union Armies 1861 US army consisted only of 16,000 troops Lincoln calls for an increase to 23,000 troops Congress authorizes enlisting of 500,000 volunteers for three year terms Small enlistment = construction