cell_biology电子版讲义.doc

Department of Health and Human Sciences BI 101 A Cell Biology LECTURE NOTES 2004 BI101 Cell Biology Week No. Title Page No. 1 Cell Theory 2 2 Plasma membrane - Composition and Structure 7 3 - Functions and Functioning 11 4 Cell Compartments and Cell Junctions 16 5 Protein Biosynthesis 20 6 Energy Transduction - Principles 24 7 - Central Pathways 29 8 - Photosynthesis 37 9 Nucleus, Cell Cycle and Mitosis 40 10 Meiosis and Mendelian Genetics (I) 43 11 Mendelian Genetics (II) 49 12 Cell Shape, Movement and Extracellular Matrix 53 Week 1 CELL THEORY Learning objectives By the end of this week you should be able to: understand the meaning and significance of Cell Theory review the development of cell biology distinguish the major cell types within the context of biological diversity appreciate the hierarchical organisation of biological systems explore the limits of cell size. Cell Theory Towards the middle of the 19th century, nearly 200 years after cells were first observed using primitive microscopes, Matthias Schleiden and Theodore Schwann developed the original Cell Theory. This recognised the cellular organisation of all plant and animal tissues. Modern Cell Theory, which also incorporates the later work of Rudolf Virchow on cell division, states: i) the cell is the fundamental structural and functional unit of life ii) the cell is the simplest unit capable of independent existence iii) all cells arise only from pre-existing cells iv) all living organisms are made of cells and cellular secretions. A living organism is defined as any structure displaying the attributes or properties of life. The major attributes of life are metabolism, growth, irritability and self-reproduction. Other attributes of life are specific organisation, movement, adaptation, a