四级语法讲座2：非谓语动词.pptVIP

重点二? 非谓语动词 非谓语动词既是四级考试的重点也是难点，在每年的考试中都占有相当大的比例。其中最为重要的是分词作状语和独立主格结构。 一、知识点 非谓语动词包括现在分词、过去分词、不定式和动名词。非谓语动词既是四级考试的重点也是难点。因为非谓语动词的用法很复杂，它既含有时态语态的变化、又有否定形式。例如： He seemed to have waited there for a long time. (不定式的完成时态) He seemed to be waiting for someone. (不定式的正在进行时) He seemed to have not known the place very well. (不定式的完成时态的否定形式) He seemed to have been told about it. (不定式的被动语态) 现在分词 现在分词可以用作状语、定语和表语，表主动的含义。例如： The film is exciting. (表语) The exciting film attracted the children very much. (定语) Having finishing the homework, children went to the playground to play basketball. (状语) The problem being discussed is what they are concerned with. (定语) 过去分词 过去分词的用法与现在分词大体相当，可以用作状语、定语和表语，只是表示被动的意义。例如： Children are excited at the film. (表语) The excited children sang and danced to the midnight. (定语) Excited at the news, children went to the playground to play basketball. (状语) This was the problem discussed at the meeting yesterday. (定语) 不定式 不定式有两种形式：带to的不定式和不带to的不 定式, 不定式有进行体、完成体和被动语态。不 定式在句中可以作主语、宾语、补语、定语和状 语等。 It is of Importance to have good friends. (逻辑主语) To see is to believe. (主语) I expect him to come back soon. (宾语补语) I don’t know how to get there. (宾语) We need someone to help us. (定语) To get there earlier, we started at 6 o’clock. (状语) The room seemed to have been cleaned. (表语) 动名词 动名词具有动词的特征（可有自己的状语、宾语等）和名词的功能（在句中可以作主语、宾语、补语）。 I don’t liking talking with her. (宾语) Smoking is dangerous for health. (主语) Her hobby is collecting coins. (表语) 二、 四级考试中的非谓语动词考点 非谓语动词的时态和语态The two buildings being repaired now are the students’ dormitories. (正在进行时表示动作正在发生，被动语态表示被动) The two buildings repaired during the summer vacations are the students’ dormitories. (过去分词作定语，表示动作完成) The two buildings to be repaired are the students’ dormitories. (不定式表示动做未发生，将要发生 非谓语动词的否定形式和物主代词的用法 Not knowing what to do next, he asked me for help. (分词作状语的否定形式) I regret not telling her the news earlier. (动名词作宾语的否定形式) I don’t mind your being late. (动名词作宾语的物主形式) I persuade him not to stay there too long. (