大学英语语法第十一讲 动词不定式.doc

第十一讲 动词不定式 一、构成与特征 动词不定式是动词的一种非限定形式, 由“to + 动词原形”构成, 在句中起名词、形容词或副 词的作用, 同时也保留动词的一些特征, 可以带宾语或状语, 等等。例如: He t ried to work out the problem in f ive minutes . 他试图在五分钟之内算出这道题。 (带宾语和状语) I am sorry to have kept you waiting . 对不起, 让您久等了。(完成式) I am glad to have been given a chance to visit your country . 我很高兴有机会访问贵国。 (完成时, 被动语态) 不定式在许多场合具有情态意义。作主语时, 相当于一个带有情态动词的主语从句; 作定 语时, 相当于一个带有情态动词的定语从句; 作宾语时, 相当于一个带有情态动词的宾语从 句; 作目的状语时, 相当于由so that 或in order that 引导的目的状语从句。例如: It is right for her to say so . ( = It is right that she should say so .) He has a lot of work to do . ( = . . .that he should/ must do .) I don..t know where to get the ticket . ( = . . .where I could get the ticket .) She opened the door for the children to come in . ( = . . .so that the children might come in .) 二、功能 1 . 作主语 To hesitate means failure . 犹豫不决就意味着失败。 To think of you makes me old . 思君令人老。 To know oneself is difficult . 人能自知, 实属不易。 To do this is to cut the foot to fit the shoe . 这样做是削足适履。(主语和表语均用不定 式) To talk to her is to talk to a wall . 同她谈是对牛弹琴。 To know everything is to know nothing . 样样皆通, 样样稀松。 To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness one can get . 爱他人并为他人所爱是人 生最大的幸福。 For him to admit his mistakes is not easy . 要他承认错误是不容易的。(带逻辑主语) For her sister Mary to study music is a proper choice . 要她妹妹玛丽学习音乐是恰当的 选择。(带逻辑主语) To be working all day long is a bore . 整天干活使人厌倦。(不定式进行式) To have known you is a privilege . 认识了你真是荣幸。(不定式完成式) Never to offend anyone is his principle . 不得罪人是他的原则。(带副词) Never to have made any mistake is impossible . 从不犯错误是不可能的。(带副词) How to make our life longer is a big problem . 怎样使我们活得更长是个大问题。(带关 系副词) .. 不定式(短语)作主语时, 往往由it 代替它作形式主语(但不可用that 作形式主语) , 不定  新/ 世/ 纪/ 英/ 语/ 丛/ 书 558 第十一讲 动词不定式 式则移至谓语之后, 这种情况多见于口语中。例如: It means failure to hesitate . It is a bore to be working all day long . It would be wrong for people to marry for money . 人们为钱而结婚是错误的。( It + be + 形容词+ for 短语+ 不定式) It was annoying of Jim to lose my bike . 吉姆把我的自行车弄丢了令人生气。( It + be + 形容词+ of 短语+