水电厂电气.doc

摘 要 水是一种清洁能源，水力发电是指用水作为能源发电。在水力发电过程中，水通过水轮机有高水位流向低水位。水轮机是把水能转换为机械能，所以水轮机可以被看作是由水驱动的发电机。储存在水库里的水通过水轮机由较高水流到较低水流的尾水渠，把势能释放给水轮机。再由水轮机带动发电机转动，从而发出电能，然后经过配电和变电设备升压后送往电力系统，再供给用户。因此，水电站是为开发利用水能资源，将水能转变成电能而修建的工程建筑物和机械、电气设备的综合体，是利用水能生产电能的基地。 电气主接线是发电厂、变电所电气设计的首要部分，也是构成电力系统的重要环节。主接线的确定对电力系统整体及发电厂、变电所本身的运行的可靠性、灵活性和经济性密切相关。并且对电气设备选择、配电装置配置的拟定有较大的影响。电能的使用已经渗透到社会、经济、生活的各个领域，而在我国电源结构中水电设备容量占总装机容量的25%。本文是对配有4台50MW水轮轮发电机的中型水电厂一次部分的初步设计，主要完成了电气主接线的设计。包括电气主接线的形式的比较、选择；主变压器、启动/备用变压器和高压厂用变压器容量计算、台数和型号的选择；短路电流计算和高压电气设备的选择与校验。 关键词： 发电厂；变压器；电力系统；电气设备 Abstract Water is one kind of clean energy，hydropower is the power generated with water as the energy-supplying agent. In this case ,water is allowed to flow from a higher level to a lower level .hydraulic turbine are the machines which convert hydraulically energy .so they can be considered as motors run by water .water stored in a reservoir at higher level flows through the turbine to the tail race channel situated at a lower level . Imparting potential energy to the turbine, the control and the guidance current of water through the hydraulic turbine, transforms the hydro energy into the mechanical energy which revolves, and then impetus generator rotation by hydraulic turbine, thus generates the electricity, and then changes the electricity equipment after the power distribution to rise to press escorts to the electrical power system, and then satisfies the users. Therefore, the hydroelectric power station is the base of energy to use hydro energy resources and transform the engineering structure. It is the compound of machinery-electrical equipment and the hydro energy which the electrical energy constructs. Electrical wiring is the main power plant, electrical substation designed first and foremost part of the power system is also constitute an important link. Connection to determine the overall power system and power plants, substations themselves the reliability of the operation, flexibility and economy are closely related. And the ele