控制测量的意义与方法.docVIP

本科生毕业设计 外文翻译 　 姓　　名　　　　　　　　　　 学　　号　　　　　　　 学 　院　　　　　　　 专　　业　　　　　　　 指导教师　　　　　　　　 2012年　5月　25日 Significance and Methods of Control Survey Control Survey In a certain area, for the geodesy, photogrammetry, topographic survey or engineering survey control network established by the measurements. Control measurements include: ①Horizontal Control Survey is a control point for the determination of the plane coordinates carried out ② Leveling, elevation control points for the determination carried out ③ dimensional control surveying for the simultaneous determination of control points coordinates and elevation plane or space carried out three-dimensional coordinates. In the test area, according to the required accuracy of measurement tasks, determination of a control point position and elevation plane, to establish survey control network, as the basis for various measurements, such measurements as control measurements. Within a certain area topographic mapping an engineering measurements to establish control network carried out survey work, Divided into horizontal control and vertical control survey measurements. Horizontal control network and vertical control network of the general layout separately, can also be laid into a three-dimensional control network. Control network has control of the situation , limiting the measurement error accumulation is the basis of the survey work. For topographic mapping, grade control is the basis for expansion of root control to ensure that the measured topographic maps can be spliced with each other as a whole. For the engineering survey. Which require special control network layout. Construction setting an deformation as the basis for observation. Horizontal Control Network Include: Triangulation: triangulation to establish horizontal control network of the basic methods. However, triangulation to require every point and more links between adjacent points, as, in the hidden areas often need to build a high survey markers. Travers