国际贸易复习精华.docVIP

国贸考试复习内容 一、名词解释（言之成理吧） Internal economics内部规模经济：expanding the firms own scale of production raises its productivity and cut its average cost Stolper-Samuelson Theorem斯托珀尔—萨缪尔森定理：According to H--O theory, international trade is almost sure to divided society into two groups: gainers-from-trade and losers-from-trade, because changes in relative prices are likely to raise the revenues of production at the expense of others. External economics外部规模经济：productivity gains and costs reductions that an individual firm reaps from the expansion of other firms in the same industry Effective tariff rate有效关税保护率：the percentage change in the value added in an industry because of the imposition of a tariff structure by the country rather than the existence of free trade Optimal tariff最佳关税：The optimum tariff is that rate of tariff that maximizes the net benefit resulting from the improvement in the nation’s terms of trade against the negative effect resulting from reduction in the volume of trade. Trade creation贸易创造：Trade creation takes place whenever economic integration leads to a shift in product origin from a higher-resource-cost domestic producer to a lower-resource-cost member producer. Such a shift represents a movement in the direction of the free-trade allocation of resources and hence is presumably beneficial for welfare Rybczynshi theorem罗伯津斯基定理：the development of a new natural resource, may reduce the development of other lines of production Law of comparative Advantage比较优势: comparative advantage comes from the relative difference of productivities based on the relative difference of technologies. A nation should produce and export the commodities of comparative advantage, and import the commodities of comparative disadvantage. Terms of trade贸易条件：the ratio of the price of its export commodity to the price of its import commodity The Leontief Paradox里昂惕夫之谜：Since the United States was the most K-abundant nation in the world, Leontief in 1951 used U.S. data for the year 19