(截稿)竹纤维和几种天然植物纤维的鉴别方法初探(棉纺织技术).docVIP

竹纤维与几种天然植物纤维的鉴别方法初探 高路1, 王越平1, 王戈2 , 程海涛2 , 田根林2, 高绪珊1 （1，北京服装学院 北京市纺织材料开发与评价重点实验室 北京 100029 2，国际竹藤网络中心 国家林业局竹藤科学与技术重点实验室 北京 100102） 摘要：本文采用纤维形态法，对大麻、黄麻、亚麻、苎麻、竹纤维等植物纤维进行了鉴别。首先对几种麻纤维、竹纤维进行脱胶处理，使其达到单纤化，通过扫描电镜、光学显微镜下纤维规格尺寸、纵横向形态的测试，对竹纤维与几种麻纤维的鉴别方法进行了初步的尝试。实验结果表明：纤维长度在3mm左右、截面呈卵圆形且中腔较大、无麻节的可确定为黄麻纤维；单纤维长度大多在80--120mm，截面为腰圆形、中腔压扁、壁上有裂纹、纵向有麻节的为苎麻纤维；截面呈多边形且中腔较小、纵向有麻节的为亚麻纤维；纤维形态与苎麻相似但纤维长度在25mm左右的为大麻纤维；纤维极短在3mm左右，截面近似圆形且中腔较小、纵向粗糙、似树皮状、无竹节的为竹纤维。 关键词：纤维鉴别；植物纤维；竹纤维；扫描电镜；光学显微镜 Trying in Identification of Natural Bamboo Fiber and Several Natural Plant Fibers GAO Lu1, WANG Yue ping1, WANG Ge2, CHENG Hai tao2, TIAN Gen lin2, GAO Xu shan1 (1，Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology Beijing Key Laboratory of Textile Materials R＆ and Assessment Beijing 100029 ) 2，International Center for Bamboo and Rattan State Forestry Administration, P. R. China. Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science and Technology Beijing 100102) Abstract: In fibers, bamboo fiber, hemp, jute, flax and ramie were identified. At first, the fibers were degummed respectively; so that they were got single-fiber. By means of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical microscope, according to results in the single fiber size, the shape of longitudinal and cross-section, we identified the bamboo fiber and other plant fibers. The results show that the fiber with egg-shape, large lumen, 3 mm in length and without lengthwise bunch is jute. The cross section of the ramie is abnormity ellipse with hollow lumen and the edge has checking. The size of ramie is 80-120mm in length. The fiber which is polygon in cross-section with small lumen and has lengthwise bunch is flax. The hemp is similar with ramie in morphology but the length is about 25mm. And the fiber which is no more than 3mm in length without lengthwise bunch, has round section shape with small lumen, but rough is bamboo fiber. Key words: fiber identification; plant fiber; bamboo fiber; scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical micros