Annoying neighbors: Multi-scale distribution determinants of two sympatric sibling species of birds.pdfVIP

Annoying neighbors: Multi-scale distribution determinants of two sympatric sibling species of birds.pdf

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CurrentZoology 61(1):10—22,2015 Annoyingneighbors:M ulti--scaledistributiondeterminants oftwosympatricsiblingspeciesofbirds AlbanGUILLAUMET, ,GuillaumeLEOTARD EPHE,CEFE—CNRSUMR5175,1919routedeM ende,34293Montpelliercedex5,France Cu~entaddress:OfficeofResearch/PIPES.200W KawiliStreet,ArmyReserveBuildingA,Hilo,Hawaii,96720,USA CEFE—CNRS,DrpartementInteraction,EcologieetSoci6tds,1919routedeMende,34293Montpelliercedex5,France Abstract Wetestedtheroleofinterspecificcompetitionindrivingspeciesdistributionatmultiplespatialscalesusingtwosibl— ingspeciesofGaleridalarks(GcristataandG theklae)inMorocco(sympatry),Balearicislands(Gtheklaeonly)andIsrael(G cristataonly).Wefirstinvestigatedregional—scaledeterminantsbycontrastingallopatricversussymparticpatternsinfivedistinct habitattypes.Wenextfocusedonasinglehabitatusedbybothspecies。thecoastalsanddunes.Dunequadratswereestablished alongtheMoroccancoastandcompletedbyaquadratinthenearestdistinctlandscapehabitat.Poissonregressionswereusedto modelGaleridacountstogetherwithecologicalpredictorsasconcernstheclimate,topography,vegetationstructureandsoilgra— nulometry.Atthelocalscale,bothspeciespreferredgreydunesoverwhitesanddunes,andbothwerenegativelyaffectedbythe abundanceofthecongenericspeciesinthedune.However,wefoun dthatG theklaetendedtoreplaceG cristata inmorearid sanddunes,evenifthetransitionwasnotstrictlyclina1.Instead,thetransitionoccurredwhenthesurroundinglandscapechanged from coastalwetlandstobathas(rgasslandswithshrubs),highlightingtheimportanceofhabitatcompositionatthelandscape scale.ThefactthatG cristatausedbathasinallopatry,butnotinsympatry,suggestedthatthecompetitiveenvironmentcontri— butedtodeterminesandduneoccupancy.Wesuggestthatlnadscape--leveleffectsmaybepivotalinexplainingspeciesdistribu-· tionnotonlyatthelocalscale,byaffectingthepoolofpotentialimmirgants,butalsoattheregionalscale,bycontributingtospe—

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