Environmental Health And Safety Regulations And Technological Innovation Chapter英文电子书.pdf

Environmental, Health, and Safety Regulation and Technological Innovation Nicholas A. Ashford George R.Heaton, Jr. W. Curtiss Priest A FRAMEWORK FOR VIEWING THE EFFECT OF REGULATION ON TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE This chapter offers an overview of the important and com- plex relationship between environmental, health, and safety regulation, and technological innovation. In the authors view, this relationship is often misperceived and generally oversimplified. Our intent is to critically review the exist- ing evidence on this topic and to provide an analytical frame- work within which discussions of the issue can occur and from which new policy initiatives may proceed. It should be empha- sized that our conclusions concerning environmental, health, and safety regulation may not be generalizable to other regu- latory areas. Technological innovation is particularly relevant to en- vironmental, health, and safety regulation in three different ways: 1. Technological change in the past has been a source of environmental, health, and safety problems that created the demand for the existing regulatory ef- forts. (For example, the rapid postwar growth of the petrochemical industry changed both the amount and the tox