人文知识专讲之英国.pptVIP

人文知识 英国（4） History 1. The Origins (5000 BC-1066 AD)英国的起源 (1) Celtic Tribes (凯尔特部落，5000BC-55BC) The Iberians were the first known settlers of Britain. 伊比利亚人是英国最早的居民。 About 700BC, the Celts came across the channel to the British Isles. The Celts were a great people who lived in much of western and central Europe at the time. They defeated the natives of the island and made them members of their tribes. (2) The Roman Conquest (罗马征服，55BC-410AD) In 55BC, the great Roman general Julius Caesar sailed across the English Channel with 10 000 men after he had conquered Gaul. He returned the next year with a large army and defeated some of the Celts. But he returned to Rome before long. 罗马人于公元前55年第一次入侵英国，在朱利尤斯凯撒的领导下打败了一些凯尔特人的部落。 In 43AD, the Roman Emperor Claudius invaded Britain. In the next decades, the Romans the Celtic tribes and conquered the southern part of the island of Great Britain, including present-day England and Wales. But they were never able to completely defeat or control what is now Scotland. 公元43年，克劳迪斯大帝带兵入侵英国，他们占领了不列颠岛的南部，但是从未完全征服苏格兰。 (3) The Anglo-Saxons (盎格鲁-撒克逊人，446-871) The northern tribes began to come to England from the continent from about the middle of the 5th century. They were the Germanic tribes日耳曼部落: the Angles, Saxons and Jutes (盎格鲁人、撒克逊人和朱特人). They also established the manorial system庄园制. (4) The Norman Conquest (诺曼征服，Oct. 14th, 1066) In 1066, William the Conqueror landed in England and built the Norman Empire, thus the feudal system was completely established. He established a strong monarchy in England. (1066, 征服者威廉渡海征服英格兰，建立封建制度，并在英国建立了一个强大的君主政体。) 2.The Shaping of the nation (1066-1381, 英国的形成) (1) The Great Charter in 1215 (1215年大宪章) The Great Charter was a statement of the feudal and legal relationship between the Crown and the barons, a guarantee of the freedom of the Church and a limitation of the powers of the king. The spirit of Great Charter was the limitation of the powers of the king, keeping them within the bounds of the feudal la