International Management 国际企业与跨文化管理.doc

International Management国际管理 International management process: 国际管理过程：Applying management concepts and techniques in a multinational environment; 将管理的理念和技术应用到一个跨国的环境中；Adapting management practices to different economic, political, and cultural environments. 针对不同的经济、政治和文化环境采取合适的管理实践。 Globalization: the process of integration among countries around the world with a vision of a single market entity: Social Economic Political Technological Cultural 全球化是世界上各个国家之间的社会、政治、经济、文化和技术整合的过程；全球化旨在创造一个世界共同体、一个市场。 Economic Systems of the World:世界经济体系 Market Economy 市场经济 Command Economy计划经济 Mixed Economy 混合经济 Ideologies:意识形态Individualism个人主义People should be free to pursue economic and political endeavors without constraint.人们应该自由的追求经济和政治目的In business context, similar to capitalism and connected to free market society在商业背景下，与资本主义意义相同，与自由市场社会相联系Private property more successful, productive, and progressive than communal property私有权和集体所有权相比更成功，生产性更高更有效率Betterment of society related to level of freedom individuals have in pursuing economic goals.好的社会秩序与个人在自由追求经济目的有关。 Collectivism集权主义Does not value individual as such对个人主义不重视 Views needs/goals of society at large as more important than individual desires在很大程度上社会的目标或需要高于个人需求No rigid form of collectivism as societal goals differ greatly among cultures在不同的社会文化下不存在严格的集体主义形式 e.g.: Fascism: nationalism, authoritarianism, militarism, corporatism, collectivism, totalitarianism 法西斯主义 民族主义 独裁主义 军国主义 社团主义 集体主义 集权主义 Socialism社会主义Government ownership of institutions政府拥有多数机构Profit is not the ultimate goal获取利润不是最终目的Can be viewed as moderate example of collectivism in practice可以被看做集体主义在实践中的一个适度的例子Has been practiced in China, North Korea, Cuba已经在中国，朝鲜，古巴采用Democratic socialism, more moderate form, practiced by Great Britain’s Labour Party, and in France, Spain, and Greece采用社会主义形态的还有英国工人党以及法国西班牙和希腊都有采用 Communism is extreme form of socialist thought共产主义是社会主义者的极端设想 Political Systems:Democracy政治体制：民主European roots 起源于欧洲 System in which government is