外文翻译---机床主轴单元.docx

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外文翻译---机床主轴单元

附录A 英文原文Machine tool spindle unitsA.1 IntroductionMachine tool spindles basically fulfill two tasks:rotate the tools (drilling, milling and grinding) or work piece (turning) precisely in spacetransmit the required energy to the cutting zone for metal removalObviously spindles have a strong influence on metal removal rates and quality of the machined parts. This paper reviews the current state.and presents research challenges of spindle technology.A.1.1.Historical reviewClassically, main spindles were driven by belts or gears and the rotational speeds could only be varied by changing either the transmission ratio or the number of driven poles by electrical switches.Later simple electrical or hydraulic controllers were developed and the rotational speed of the spindle could be changed by means of infinitely adjustable rotating transformers (Ward Leonard system of motor control).The need for increased productivity led to higher speed machining requirements which led to the development of new bearings, power electronics and inverter systems. The progress in the field of the power electronics (static frequency converter) led to the development of compact drives with low-cost maintenance using high frequency three-phase asynchronous motors.Through the early 1980’s high spindle speeds were achievable only by using active magnetic bearings. Continuous developments in bearings, lubrication, the rolling element materials and drive systems (motors and converters) have allowed the construction of direct drive motor spindles which currently fulfill a wide range of requirements. A.1.2. Principal setupToday, the overwhelming majority of machine tools are equipped with motorized spindles. Unlike externally driven spindles, the motorized spindles do not require mechanical transmission elements like gears and couplings. The spindles have at least two sets of mainly ball bearing systems. The bearing system is the component with the greatest influence on the lifetime of a spindle. Most

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