HUBS软件使用说明.docxVIP

Software License Agreement This is a legal agreement between you, the user, and Signa Engineering Corp. By using HUBS, you agree to be bound by the terms of this agreement. If you do not agree to these items, exit HUBS and this Users Guide immediately. This software is protected by United States copyright laws and international treaties and can be used only by licensed users. You may not disclose this software and its Users Guide to third parties. Only the output results from this software can be disclosed to third parties. Signa Engineering does not warrant that the functions of this software will meet your requirements or the software is error free. In no event shall Signa Engineering be liable for your use of this software and for any results obtained from this software. Introduction Hydraulic design of an underbalanced operation is the key to its success and requires many special considerations: During an underbalanced operation, both liquid and gas may be injected into the well as circulating fluids. Due to the underbalanced condition of the wellbore, formation gas, oil, and water could flow into the wellbore. In addition, solid particles (cuttings) are also flowing with all the fluids in the wellbore annulus. The interactions between these coexisting fluids and cutting particles require special treatment during the hydraulic calculations. Due to the difference in hydraulic properties (density, viscosity, and compressibility) among the coexisting phases, they do not flow at the same speed. These phases can flow with various flow patterns (bubble flow, mist flow, slug flow, wavy flow, annular flow, etc.). Flow patterns affect not only the flowing mixture density and its fractional pressure loss, but also the efficiency of cutting transportation. Phase change between liquid and gas phases can occur along the flow path of an underbalanced operation. Due to the variation of pressure and temperature along the flow path, gas may vaporize from liquid hydrocarbons or