科技英语的特点概述-mod.ppt

英语中16种时态，科英中常用5-6种。 科英注重事实和逻辑，通常是叙述、推理、结论等过程，所以修辞较单调。 科技英语中一般不用I, you, driver等人称代词或人作主语，应是译文具有客观性。所以在汉译英时往往用被动语态。 有时，谓语是一个词组，这时也用被动语态。 通用定义公式 A x is a 通用分类词 + ① Which is v. + ed ② v. +ed ③ With + 名词短语 ④ v. + ing 或 for v. + ing ⑤ Prep. + which… ⑥ With the property of v. + ing Aluminium（铝） is a white metal which is light, weak, and resistant to corrosion. A knife is a tool used for cutting. Carbon is an element with an atomic weight of 12.01. A library is a room or a series of rooms containing a large number of books. 特指定义 A saw is a tool with toothed edge, used for cutting things. A key-hole saw is a saw with a narrow blade, used for cutting holes in wood. 通用 定义 特指 定义 特指定义的特点 被定义事物是特指的，带有限定语. 分类词往往是重复被定义事物的中心词，不是通用分类词. Is 后的名词带有修饰语. A thermometer is an instrument to measure temperature. An alcohol thermometer is a thermometer used principally for measuring temperature below freezing point of mercury. 通用 定义 特指 定义 扩展定义 Aluminium is a metal which is light in weight. Consequently, it is widely used for the manufacture of aircraft. A match box is a small container used for holding match sticks. It consists of two main parts: the box itself and a rough striking surface. 扩展定义 由通用定义通过例证、对 比、对照、或说明扩展而成， 也称段落定义 扩展定义 通用定义 + 例证 通用定义 + 用途 通用定义 + 主要组成部分 . Common examples are … . Typical examples are … , such as … . Therefore, .Consequently, . As a result, . It is used … . One of its main uses is … . It consists of + main parts … . Its main components are … two three these 扩展定义 Phosphate磷酸盐 is a mineral which is an essential element in high-yielding soil. Therefore, it is used as a fertilizer. A razor（剃刀）is a extremely sharp cutting instrument used for shaving. It consists of two main parts: the blade, or cutting edge, and a handle. 练习：说明下列各定义的类型，并译成汉语： 1、An equation is a mathematical expression in which the two sides balance, such as 1=2-1 and 52=25. 2、A cigarette lighter is a device for igniting cigarettes. It consists of three main parts: the housing,