第一章 翻译批评基本概念.ppt

第一课 翻译批评基本概念 什么是翻译批评 翻译批评的性质 翻译批评的种类 1. 什么是翻译批评？ 《中国翻译词典》（184页，“翻译与批评”词条，1997年，湖北教育出版社）： “翻译批评即参照一定的标准，对翻译过程及其译作质量与价值进行全面的评价。” 它包括五方面内容： 1、分析原作，着重了解原作者的意图和原作具有的功能； 2、分析译者翻译原作的目的、所采取的翻译方法及其译作针对或可能吸引的读者对象； 3、从原作与译作中选择有代表性的文字进行详细的对比研究； 4、从宏观与微观的角度评价译作，包括译者采取的技巧与译作的质量等方面的内容； 5、评价译作在译语文化或科学中的作用与地位。” Wolfram Wilss: “TC is an essential component in a translation course: firstly, because it painlessly improves your competence as a translator; secondly, because it expands your knowledge and understanding of your own and the foreign language, as well as perhaps of the topic; thirdly, because, in presenting you with options, it will help you to sort out your ideas about translation. As an academic discipline, TC ought to be the keystone of any course in comparative literature, or literature in translation, and a component of any professional translation course with the appropriate text-types (e.g., legal, engineering etc.) as an exercise for criticism and discussion. In comparison to L2/L1 error analysis, TC is in a less favorable starting position. While error analysis is focused on classifying, describing, explaining and evaluating transfer phenomena on the basis of the dichotomy “wrong/correct”, it is the task of TC to make quality assessment of a translation as a whole as objectively as possible, thereby taking into account both positive and negative factors.” （P216， The Science of Translation: Problems and Methods,2001年，上海外语教育） 纽马克: “The flavor of excellence in a translation is as intangible as that in a poem …but the badness, error and inaccuracy in a translation is not hard to expose. ” (Newmark 1979, 101) TC是联结翻译理论与实践的一个基本纽带，是一项有趣且具指导意义的活动，特别在评价别人的翻译或对同一文本的两个以上的译文进行评价的时候。 If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind? (Ode to The West Wind by Percy Bysshe Shelley) 吹响一个预言！呵，西风， 如果冬天已到，难道春天还用久等？（王佐良） 让预言的号角奏鸣！哦，风啊， 如果冬天来了，春天还会远吗？（江枫译） 一把预言的喇叭吧！啊 西风呀， 如果冬天到了，春天还会远吗？（施颖洲译） 奏响一位先知预言者的号角！ 哦，寒冬已到，春风还用久等？（傅勇林译） 翻译批评 主要指针对具体的译作或与译作有关的某种翻译现象所发