系统动力学软件.ppt

系统动力学软件 Vensim软件介绍 界面及工具 建立因果反馈图（ causal loop diagrams ）和流图（ Stock and Flow Diagrams ） 模拟过程 函数：LOOKUP、TIME、STEP What is Vensim? Vensim is a visual modeling tool that allows you to conceptualize（使概念化 ）, document（文件 ）, simulate（模仿,模拟 ）, analyze, and optimize models（优化模型）of dynamic systems（动态系统）. Vensim provides a simple and flexible（可变通的;灵活的;易适应的 ） way of building simulation models from causal loop or stock and flow diagrams.（因果关系和流程图） ----Vensim User’s Guide Version 5 （软件用户指南5版） By connecting words with arrows, relationships among system variables are entered and recorded as causal connections. This information is used by the Equation Editor to help you form a complete simulation model. You can analyze your model throughout（贯穿，从头到尾） the building process（建设过程） , looking at the causes and uses of a variable, and also at the loops involving the variable. When you have built a model that can be simulated, Vensim lets you thoroughly explore（探索 ）the behavior of the model. Analysis Tool Output 控制板The Control PanelThe Control Panel allows you to change internal settings that govern the operation of Vensim, such as which Workbench Variable is selected or what Datasets are loaded. 3种分析工具：Cause Tree ； Uses Tree；Loops，分析因果反馈图的逻辑结构 确定savings为变量后，点击Loops,列举全部有关该变量的因果反馈图 Loop Number 1 of length 1 saving interest Loop Number 2 of length 2 saving work effort income 因果反馈图只能描述反馈结构的基本方面，不能表示不同性质的变量的区别，这是其根本弱点。如状态变量的积累概念，是系统动力学中最重要的量，然而因果反馈图全然忽视了这一点。因此，需要建立流图。 2）建立流图（Stock and Flow Diagrams ） ---以workforce-inventory为例 construct Inventory as a Level, then add a rate flowing in and a rate flowing out. 3. 模拟：以workforce-inventory为例 2)Examine the structure using the structural Analysis tools (Tree Diagrams.). Causes Tree Diagram (Workbench Variable, Inventory, is on the right and everything that causes it to change (up to 2 connections distant) is on the left.) the Workbench Variable on the left and where it is used in the model (what it causes change,