人工沙滩养护外文翻译.docVIP

California Beach Restoration Study January 2002 4. NOURISHMENT CONCEPTS Simply stated, beach nourishment is the introduction of sediment onto a beach. In most cases, the sediment is sand and the beach is in an eroded condition. The process supplements the diminishing supply of natural sediment. Nourished shorelines provide two primary benefits: increased area for recreation, and greater protection against coastal storms. Other tangible benefits include tourism revenues, restored wildlife habitats, enhanced public health and safety, increased coastal access, and reduced need for hard structures. Sediment characteristics and sources, sediment placement methods, and maintenance Requirements, the key components of nourishment projects, are discussed in the following sections. 4.1 Overview Whereas structural means of beach retention were common 30 to 50 years ago, beach Nourishment has become the preferred method in recent decades. Beach nourishment represents a “soft” method of shoreline stabilization, in contrast to “hard” alternatives such as groins. Hard structures are designed to remain stable and stationary, fully resisting the actions of waves, currents, and sediment transport. Hence, they tend to be large structures and may significantly impact the natural movement of sand. Soft stabilization alternatives, such as sand or cobble beach fills, mimic nature and are intended to be dynamic, responding to changes in wave and current conditions. In the case of beach nourishment with sand, the dry beach may become narrow during winter storms and then recover much or all of its original width under milder summer wave conditions. Ideally, a beach nourishment project is designed so that this range of seasonal shoreline fluctuation remains within acceptable limits during the project design life. Ultimately, however, nourishment material is sacrificial in nature and will require periodic maintenance. Introducing new sand onto the beach can compen