基于三维激光扫描数据的大比例地形图制作 测绘工程 廖中平 〔〕.doc

 基于三维激光扫描数据的大比例地形图制作 摘要 在科学技术飞速发展的21世纪，地理信息系统也随之蓬勃发展。在测绘地理信息领域，三维激光扫描技术被称之为继“GPS技术以来的测绘领域的又一次技术革命”它突破了传统测量的单点测量方法，能够快速便捷地大量扫描点云数据。并且扫描的云数据具有数据精度高、全数字化、自动化处理程度高等特点。 传统测量方法制作大比例地形图一般分为两个大的步骤；步骤一利用全站仪等测量仪器进行单点测绘得到野外数据；并及时绘制野外地形图草图。步骤二是将野外数据导入绘图软件如AUTOCAD进行点线面的绘制、地貌标注、等高线生成等工作，最后打印输出大比例地形图。 本文首先对三维激光扫描系统做了简单的介绍，主要包括三维激光扫描的基本原理和组成部分。并基于此介绍瑞士徕卡测量公司生成的Cyclone C10三维激光扫描仪的功能及功能模块；然后介绍利用Cyclone C10地面激光扫描仪扫描数据并对数据进行处理的步骤与原理；最后结合AUTOCAD绘图软件生成大比例地形图。本文对比了三维激光扫描数据生成大比例地形图和传统测量手段生成大比例地形图的优缺点，认为利用三维激光扫描仪能够在时间较短、效率较高、精度较高的情况下生成地形图。 关键词：三维激光扫描；点云数据处理；大比例地形图 BAESD ON 3D LASER SCANNING DATA OF THE PRODUCTION OF LARGE SCALE TOPOGRAPHIC MAP ABSTRACT In the rapid development of science and technology in the 21st century, the geographic information system has been booming .In the field of surveying and mapping geographic information, 3 d laser scanning technology is referred to as the since the GPS technology in the field of surveying and mapping is a technology revolution it breaks through the traditional measurement of single point measurement, can quickly get a large number of scanning point cloud data conveniently .And scan the cloud data with high precision, fully digital, high automation degree, etc. Traditional measurement method to make large scale topographic map generally fall into two major steps ;Step one by using total station measuring instrument such as a single point of surveying and mapping field data; Sketch map and timely field. Step two is to field data import to point on the surface of the line drawing software such as AUTOCAD drawing, geomorphic annotation, contour generation, etc, the last print large scale topographic map. At first, the paper gives a brief introduction of 3D laser scanning system, mainly including the basic principle of 3D laser scanning and part.?And based on this the Switzerland Leica Geosystems company generated cyclone C10 3D laser scanner and function module. Then the cyclone C10 terrestrial laser scanning data and the data processing of the s