连铸机外论文中的英文对照资料外文翻译文献.docxVIP

中英文对照资料外文翻译文献Effect of Porosity on Deformation, Damage,and Fracture of Cast SteelR.A. HARDIN and C. BECKERMANNA combined experimental and computational study is performed to investigate the e?ect ofcenterline shrinkage porosity on deformation, damage, and fracture of cast steel under tensiletesting. Steel plates containing shrinkage porosity are cast in sand molds, machined into testcoupons, and tensile tested to fracture. The average volumetric porosity in the gage section ofthe specimens with porosity ranges from 0.10 to 0.27 pct. Ductility in the test castings withporosity is markedly reduced with the percent elongation data ranging from 12.8 to 19.6 pct; vs22 pct elongation for the sound material. Radiographic imaging is used to measure andreconstruct the porosity ?eld in the test specimens. The reconstructed porosity ?eld is then usedin a ?nite-element stress analysis simulating the tensile testing. Local elastic properties arereduced according to the porosity fraction present. Porous metal plasticity theory is used tomodel the damage due to porosity and the fracture. Good agreement is obtained between themeasured and predicted stress–strain curves and fracture behaviors. The reduction in ductility ispredicted well by comparing the measured and the simulated elongations. The computationalmodeling approach used in this study allows for a detailed evaluation of the e?ect of porosity,including its size, shape, and location, on the fracture behavior of steel castings.DOI: 10.1007/s11661-013-1669-zThe Minerals, Metals Materials Society and ASM International 2013INTRODUCTIONSTEEL castings are under-utilized because of uncertainties in their performance and lack of expertise incasting design. Discontinuities in castings, like porosity,play an important role in casting underutilization.Porosity creates uncertainty in a design’s robustness,since there are no methodologies for including itspresence in the design. As a result, designers employoverly large safety factors