基于碰撞安全的前纵梁优化设计..docx

编号毕业设计（论文）题目基于碰撞安全的前纵梁优化分析二级学院车辆工程学院专业车辆工程班级110040501 学生姓名苏洪学号11004050123指导教师杨卾川职称讲师时间2014.6 摘要有统计数据表明，在不可避免的交通事故中，汽车正面碰撞造成的伤害占所有交通事故中的40%左右。因此，提高汽车正面碰撞性能迫在眉睫。而汽车纵梁又是汽车在正面碰撞中最主要吸能的部件。因此，如何研究纵梁使其改善在碰撞过程中的压溃形式、增加纵梁的吸能、减小汽车在碰撞过程中的载荷峰值及发动机对驾驶舱的侵入量，使碰撞对驾乘客造成的伤害减到最小，是研究汽车被动安全的重要课题。本文针对给定截面的汽车前纵梁，将针对前纵梁上诱导槽数目、深度和诱导槽处纵梁外板上的几何特征进行分析,研究它们在汽车前纵梁碰撞过程中对纵压溃特性、吸能情况、碰撞力载荷峰值的影响。研究结果表明：⑴通过对诱导槽数目进行优化，针对此款车型，前纵梁的抗撞性与诱导槽数目不成正相关。合适数目的诱导槽可以有效地诱导前纵梁按较好的压溃形式进行压溃，吸收更多的能量、降低碰撞力和减速度峰值。而诱导槽数目过多则会适得其反；⑵对诱导槽处纵梁外板上的几何特征进行优化分析，发现纵梁外板上的几何特征在诱导槽处时，会影响诱导槽的诱导作用，使纵梁发生弯折，影响纵梁的抗撞安全性；因此，在对汽车前纵梁进行优化设计时，不应在诱导槽处增添其他几何特征。若是其他设计要求，必须添加几何特征时，应把几何特征放在诱导槽后部。⑶对诱导槽深度进行优化分析时发现：深度合适的诱导槽将会更好地引导前纵压梁压溃。而深度过深、过浅都会有相反的作用，是纵梁在碰撞中发生弯折，影响前纵梁的抗撞性；关键词：诱导槽；压溃特性；有限元；AbstractAccording to statistics, in the inevitable traffic accidents, the frontal impact (including oblique impact) account for around 40% in all accidents. Hence, studying how to improve the vehicle frontal crash safety is of great significance. And the frame frontal rail is the overriding energy absorption component in the frontal impact (including oblique impact). So how to let the longitudinal beam improve the crushing form in the process of collision, and increase the absorption energy of the longitudinal beam, and reduce the peak load in the impact and the amount of invasion of engine to the cockpit, which hurtle to minimize the damage to the driving passengers, is an important issue of the study on automotive passive safety. Combining with the axial crushing characteristics of thin-walled beam, for a given section of the thin-walled beam, its amount, depth and the geometric feature on the longitudinal beam plate of initiators’ influence on the deformation characteristics, energy absorbing, the peak loan on the section in the impact process were discuss and analyzed.The results show that:(1) Through optimizing the amount of initiators, the crash characteristic of the frame frontal rail increases after reduces first with the increase of initiators amount. Appro